Measuring and testing – Hardness – By penetrator or indentor
Patent
1980-12-03
1983-02-08
Myracle, Jerry W.
Measuring and testing
Hardness
By penetrator or indentor
73859, 279 1F, G01N 302
Patent
active
043721532
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a pipe clamp by means of which a tensile force or a compressive force may be transmitted to a pipe or a string of pipes and to a probing device including the pipe clamp. A pipe clamp of this type might be used for instance in a probing device for forcing a cone connected to the lower end of a string of probing pipes by means of a coupling member (and optionally an additional friction-sleeve) into the ground. The cone may be loaded separately by means of an internal bar. In case of an additional friction sleeve between the cone and the coupling member the combination of friction sleeve and cone may be also be loaded after slidingly extending the cone. Based on the hydraulic pressure measured by means of a pressure gauge, the cone resistance, the local adhesive hold and the total adhesive hold may be determined. These values may be used for calculating foundations. Based on the correlation between the cone resistance and the local adhesive hold the kind of soil may be determined. The pressure gauge reading is rather inaccurate. This implies that upon calculating the load capacity of a foundation pillar or a bed plate, the settling of a foundation and the like a large safety factor has to be introduced; the foundation will have to be relatively heavy.
More accurate measurements may be made by replacing the hydraulic measurement by means of a pressure gauge, by an electric measurement using strain strips or an inductive measuring system. Between the measuring system and the recording apparatus there will be a cable running through a slot of an auxiliary member or a gland loaded by a press cylinder acting thereon at the location of the upper end of the uppermost pipe. This construction has the drawback that said auxiliary member or gland provided with a slot will rest on the upper end of the string of pipes so that it will be impossible to extend the pipe string by screwing thereto the next pipe section when driving the pipe string into the ground over a distance corresponding to one pipe section.
The object of the invention is to provide a pipe clamp of the above mentioned type suitable for use among others in a probing device, which clamp may be clamped about a pipe to be loaded and which enables a compressive loading as well as a tensile loading of a pipe.
According to the invention the pipe clamp comprises a housing having a cylindrical inner wall and an opening for passing a pipe to be clamped, in which the axes of the cylindrical inner wall and the opening for passing the pipes are substantially perpendicular with respect to each other, two guide blocks rotatably over at least 180.degree. mounted within said housing, each having a sliding or abutment surface running obliquely with respect to the axis of the opening for passing the pipes, and two clamping blocks each being capable of cooperating with an oblique sliding or abutment surface of a guide block.
When using the pipe clamp in a probing device it is possible to screw the next pipe onto a string of pipes when driving the string into the ground and to unscrew the uppermost pipe of a string when extracting the string from the ground. When reverting from driving to extracting and vice versa the guide blocks with the clamping blocks only have to be rotated over 180.degree.. An electrical measuring cable that may optionally be used may run sidewise from a location not interfering with the screwing and unscrewing of a pipe section. The pipe clamp according to the invention is not limited to the use in a probing device.
A firm clamping of a pipe which does not have to possess any groove is obtained if each one of the clamping blocks is slidable along an oblique sliding surface of a guide block.
In another embodiment the clamping blocks may be provided with an axle for rotation and may have a face capable of cooperating with the abutment surface of a guide block as well as an adjoining roller face, all mounted in such a manner that the clamping blocks may be tilted over on the abutment surface in one direction only.
The latter const
REFERENCES:
patent: 3998428 (1976-12-01), Miles
Goudsche Machinefabriek B.V.
Myracle Jerry W.
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