Pine shoot beetle attractant compositions

Details Pine shoot beetle attractant compositions Pine shoot beetle attractant compositions

1998-07-10

2001-03-20

Page, Thurman K. (Department: 1615)

Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

Baits, attractants, or lures

C424S408000, C424S409000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06203786

ABSTRACT:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to attractants for pine shoot beetles.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The pine shoot beetle,
Tomicus piniperda
, (L.) (Coleoptera, Scolytidae), is one of the most destructive insect pests affecting pines in its native range of Europe and Asia. In July of 1992
, Tomicus piniperda
was detected in Ohio, and by July of 1995, surveys showed that eight states (Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Wisconsin and Maryland) and southern Ontario were infested. In Europe,
Tomicus piniperda
attacks Scots pine,
Pinus sylvestris
, but recent work in the U.S. has shown that it will shoot feed and breed in at least twelve species of hard and soft pines. Studies conducted in China demonstrated that this beetle has damaged eight pine species and caused serious economic losses in large areas of pine forest. In Sweden, the pine shoot beetle can cause 20% to 45% loss in yearly increment. In Poland, a loss of 36% in yearly increment was reported. A heavily infested Scots pine stand near Lockport, New York, has been experiencing 40%-60% loss in yearly increment since 1982. There is potential for significant economic damage by this insect in North America as well as continued losses in the Palearctic region.
Tomicus piniperda
is a monogamous bark beetle species. It breeds in the cortical tissue of freshly cut or fallen timber, or very weakened trees. The mating season lasts for four to ten days in late March or early April in upstate New York. Females, which initiate host colonization, establish longitudinal galleries where they oviposit about 100-200 eggs. Development from the egg through the pupal stage lasts about two months. New adults emerge and fly to the tops of tree crowns where they mine and feed in the lateral shoots during the summer and early fall to become sexually mature. Each beetle can damage one to six shoots. Damaged shoots usually break and fall to the ground. After the first ground frost, in October or November, beetles exit the shoots and burrow under the bark at the base of healthy trees where they over winter. In milder climatic conditions some beetles overwinter in the shoots. In spring, soon after the snow melts around tree bases and the air temperature exceeds 10° C., adult beetles start their breeding season.
Tomicus piniperda
normally have one generation per year, but 20% to 80% of beetles (depending on climatic conditions and food availability) can establish two broods that are separated by a short period of shoot feeding.
There has been considerable interest in the possible existence of an aggregation pheromone in
Tomicus piniperda
due to the economic significance of the insect. However, until now, field studies have failed to demonstrate its occurrence. It has been hypothesized that this species uses host volatiles to locate breeding substrate. The literature indicates that
Tomicus piniperda
is attracted to several monoterpenes isolated from Scots pine: &agr;-pinene, 3-carene, and terpinolene. A synergistic effect of ethanol with the host monoterpenes has also been reported. Unfortunately, host compounds used as mass trapping lures have not been very effective. Therefore, there is a need for an attractant for
Tomicus piniperda
which is more effective than host compounds.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to compositions which display increased attraction for the pine shoot beetle compared to &agr;-pinene, a host monoterpene. The compositions are made up of &agr;-pinene and a compound chosen from the group consisting of myrtenol, nonanal and &agr;-pinene oxide. A composition containing &agr;-pinene oxide may additionally contain trans-verbenol.
In another aspect, the invention relates to a lure for
Tomicus piniperda
which is made up of one or more devices for the controlled release of &agr;-pinene and one or more compounds chosen from myrtenol, nonanal, &agr;-pinene oxide and trans-verbenol.
In still another aspect, the invention relates to a method of attracting pine shoot beetles, comprising providing the lure described above. The invention further relates to a trap for pine shoot beetles, which includes the lure described above, a means of directing beetles to a collecting area and a collection means.


REFERENCES:
patent: 4839383 (1989-06-01), Vite
Bouhot, et al., “Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Attacks byTomicus piniperdaL. andIps SexdentatusBoern (Col., Scolytidae) onPinus Sylvertris,”J. Appl. Ent.,vol. 106, pp. 356-371, 1988.
Byers, J.A., et al., “Olfactory Recognition of Host-Tree Susceptibility by Pine Shoot Beetles,”Naturwissenschaften,vol. 72, S.324, 1985.
Byers, J.A., et al, “Chemical Ecology of Bark Beetles,”Experientia,vol. 45, pp. 271-283, 1989.
Byers, J.A., “Simulation of the Mate-Finding Behavior of Pine Shoot Beetles,Tomicus Piniperda,”Animal Behavior,vol. 41, pp. 649-660, 1991.
Byers, J.A., “Attraction of Bark Beetles,Tomicus Piniperda, Hylurgops Palliatus,andTrypodendron Domesticumand Other Insects to Short-Chain Alcohols and Monoterpenes,”Journal of Chemical Ecology,vol. 18, No. 12, pp. 2385-2401, 1992.
Chararas, C., et al., “Preference of Certain Scolytidae for Different Confifers: A Statistical Approach,”Journal of Chemical Ecology,vol. 8, No. 8, pp. 1093-1109, 1982.
Guerrero, A., et al., “Semiochemically Induced Inhibition of Behaviour ofTomicus Destruens,”Naturwissenschaften,vol. 84, pp. 155-157, 1997.
Kangas, E., et al., “Responses of Blastophagus Piniperda L. (Col, Scolytidae) to Trans-Verbenol, Cis-Verbenol and Verbenone, Known to be Population Pheromones of Some American Bark Beetles,”Ann. Ent. Fenn.,vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 75-83, 1970.
Lanne, B.S., et al., “Differences in Attraction to Semiochemicals Present in Sympatric Pine Shoot Beetles,”Journal of Chemical Ecology,vol. 13, No. 5, pp. 1045-1067, 1987.
Löyttyniemi, K., et al., “No Evidence of Population Pheromone inTomicus Piniperda(Coleoptera, Scolytidae): A Field Experiment,”Annales Entomologici Fennici,vol. 54, pp. 93-95, 1988.
Niemeyer, et al., “Field Investigations into the Attraction ofTomicus Piniperdato Monoperenes and Enthanol,”J. Appl. Ent.,vol. 120, pp. 265-267, 1996.
Oksanen, H., et al., “Studies of the Chemical Factors Involved in the Olfactory Orientation of Blastophagus Piniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae),”Proceedings of the Boyce Thompson Institute,pp. 299-304, 1971.
Perttunen, V., et al., “Aspects of the External and Internal Factors Affecting the Olfactory Orientation of Blastophagus Piniperda,”Proceedings of the Boyce Thompson Institute,pp. 293-297, 1971.
Schlyter, F., et al., “Reduction of Attack Density of the Bark BeetlesIps TypographusandTomicus Piniperdaon Host Bark by Verbenone Inhibition of Attraction to Pheromone and Host Kairomone,”Animal Behavior,pp. 53-68, 1990.
Schroeder, L.M., “Attraction of the Bark BeetleTomicus Piniperdaand Some Other Bark-and Wood-Living Beetles to the Host Volatiles &agr;-Pinene and Ethanol,”Entomol. Exp. Appl.,vol. 46, pp. 203-210, 1988.
Schroeder, L.M., et al., “Attraction of Scolytids and Associated Beetles by Different Absolute Amounts and Proportions of &agr;-pinene and Ethanol,”Journal of Chemical Ecology,vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 807-817, 1989.
Volz, H-A., “Monoterpenes Governing Host Selections inthe Bark BeetlesHylurgops PalliatusandTomicus Piniperda,”Entomol. Exp. Appl.,vol. 47, pp. 31-35, 1988.

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