Catalyst – solid sorbent – or support therefor: product or process – Zeolite or clay – including gallium analogs – Clay
Patent
1993-02-03
1996-01-23
Pal, Asok
Catalyst, solid sorbent, or support therefor: product or process
Zeolite or clay, including gallium analogs
Clay
502 84, B01J 2116
Patent
active
054864992
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to pillared clays, to their production and to their use.
Edible oils such as vegetable, animal or fish oils generally contain a variety of constituents which detract from their stability, appearance, taste or smell or which may represent a health hazard for consumers. Examples of such impurities are pigments such as the carotenoids or the chlorophylls, phosphorus compounds such as the phospholipids or phosphatides, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons such as benzo(a)pyrene. Some of these impurities, for example polyaromatic hydrocarbons or porphyrin-type materials such as chlorophyll, have relatively large molecular dimensions which can hinder their removal from oil or other liquids by adsorption onto a solid removable adsorbent material.
Pillared clays, while in general possessing desirable molecular sieve charcteristics as adsorbents, show relatively poor ability to adsorb porphyrin-type molecules from oils. The present invention relates more specifically, however, to pillared clays which show substantial ability to adsorb such molecules from oils, to a method for producing such pillared clays and to a process for the purification of oils using such pillared clays.
The removal of chlorophyll or other impurities from soyabean oil using acid activated montmorillonite is discussed by D. R. Taylor et al in a paper published in JAOCS, Vol 66, No. 3, March 1989. In that paper pillared montmorillonite produced from non-acid-activated clays was shown to have a low activity, in the adsorption of chlorphyll. On treatment of the already pillared clay with sulphuric acid the chlorophyll removal activity decreased still further.
It has now been found that pillared clays produced by introducing pillars into a previously acid-activated clay can be effective adsorbents for use in oil purification, and can show a substantial ability to remove chlorophyll from the oils.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention therefore provides a process for the production of an adsorbent suitable for use in the purification of edible oils comprising treating a layered clay mineral with a solution of a pillaring material so as to cause the adsorption of at least some of the pillaring material into the clay mineral and removing solvent to deposit pillaring material within the clay mineral, the process being characterised by the removal of at least some structural aluminium from the clay mineral by an acid treatment prior to contact with the pillaring material.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
In the drawings appended hereto:
FIGS. 1 to 4 show the amount of chlorophyll adsorbed (%) and the amount of aluminium incorporated in the pillared clay against the aluminium/clay ratio, each in mole/g of pillared clay using different reaction conditions.
FIG. 1 shows the results of adding the clay to the reagent at 20.degree. C. followed by reaction for one hour at 20.degree. C.
FIG. 2 shows the results of adding the clay to the reagent at 80.degree. C. followed by reaction for one hour at 80.degree. C.
FIG. 3 shows the results of adding the clay to the chlorohydrate solution which had been aged at 80.degree. C. for one hour and then allowed to cool to 20.degree. C. The clay was added and reacted at 20.degree. C. for one hour.
FIG. 4 shows the results of adding the clay to the chlorohydrate solution which had been aged at 80.degree. C. for one hour. The clay was added and reacted at 80.degree. C. for one hour.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Preferably the layered clay mineral used as the basis for the adsorbent of the present invention is a swellable smectite clay mineral for example, preferably, a montmorillonite. Synthetic analogues of smectite clay minerals such as the synthetic hectorite produced according to the process described in UK Patent Specification No. 1432770 and available from Laporte Industries Limited under the Trade Name Laponite, may also be used. Non-smectite clays which may have suitable swelling properties such as suitable members of the kaolin group of minerals or
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D. R. Taylor et al., "Bleaching with Alternative Layered Minerals: A Comparison With Acid-Activated Montmorillonite for Bleaching Soybean Oil", JAOCS, vol. 66, No. 3, Mar. 1989.
Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB May 22, 1990 (Abstract only).
Davies Mary E.
Jones William
Mokaya Robert
Whittle Mavis E.
Laporte Industries Limited
Pal Asok
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