Electrical computers: arithmetic processing and calculating – Electrical hybrid calculating computer – Particular function performed
Reexamination Certificate
1998-09-10
2001-02-27
Mai, Tan V. (Department: 2787)
Electrical computers: arithmetic processing and calculating
Electrical hybrid calculating computer
Particular function performed
C708S250000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06195669
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a physical random number generator, a method of generating physical random numbers and a physical random number storing medium. More, particularly, this invention relates to a physical random number generator, a method of generating physical random numbers and a physical random number storing medium that are applicable to a wide field ranging from general purpose computers to such a civil life level as personal computers, game machines, etc.
2. Description of the Related Art
Physical random numbers are those random numbers prepared utilizing random phenomena of the physical world, and as representative random phenomena, generation of radiation, fluctuation of thermal noises and the like are pointed out.
A conventional physical random number generator measures interval of generation or frequency of generation of random pulses generated from noise sources using radiation and thermal noise as noise sources.
For instance, when the numbers of radiation generated per unit time are measured repeatedly and a frequency distribution of measured values is prepared, it becomes close to the normal distribution of an average N and a standard deviation N
½
. That is, when the measurements are made 100 times, the measured values in 99 times will fall in the range from N−3N
½
to N+3N
½
. Since the frequency distribution of measured values is the normal distribution, they are usable directly as normal distribution random numbers; however, a uniform distribution is generally convenient in many cases and it is necessary to convert the normal distribution into uniform random numbers.
So, in order to obtain uniform random numbers from the normal distribution, a conventional physical random number generator uses only lowest digit values of the measured results to generate random numbers that are not depending on the frequency distribution shape. Further, by using one bit value as the lowest digits of obtained measured values, the measured result can be divided into two categories: an even number or an odd number, and if the number N of generations is sufficiently large, respective generating frequency thereof becomes 50% and the character as random numbers is improved.
On a conventional physical random number generator, multi-bit random numbers are generated by providing a plurality of such one bit random number data generating circuits. Such prior art is set forth in, for instance, “Monte Carlo Method and Random Numbers” written by Mr. Shoji Ishida (Scientific Basic Theory Study, 17. 2. 29 (1965)) and the like.
However, such a conventional uniform physical random number generating method as described above has a problem that in order to obtain random number data from counted noise signals, N (100-200) noise signals must be counted, and therefore, much time is required to generate one random number.
Further, as random number data that can be generated from one noise source as a result of the above-described counting is of one bit, in order to generate random number data of byte unit which is the minimum unit that is handled by a computer, 8 non-correlative noise sources and 8 systems of random number generating circuits become necessary. This is a problem that must be solved for achieving a physical random number generator which is small in size and cheap in price.
Because of such problems, when a large scaled simulation is to be performed using random number data generated from a physical random number generator, even when a very high-speed CPU is mounted in a computer, as a time to obtain the result of computation depends on random number generating speed, it is not possible to achieve the high speed simulation.
Further, as 8 system noise sources and processing circuits are required to generate one-byte random numbers, the conventional physical random number generator is large scaled, and this is the factor that impedes the achievement of a low priced physical random number generator and the spread use thereof.
On the other hand, it is considered that if a high-speed and cheap priced physical random number generator is realized, it will be widely used not only in the field of scientific technical computation of, such as simulation, research relative to intelligence and study of security on a network, and in the field of communication equipments such as security of communication data, encoding of the modulation, and the like, but also in the field of such game machines as a probability for getting balls in pin-ball game machines, general game machines and the like.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, one object of this invention is to provide a physical random number generator and a method of generating physical random numbers which can improve a physical random number generating speed and can provide physical random numbers of good quality as random numbers.
Another object of this invention is to provide a physical random number generator and a method of generating physical random numbers which are applicable to a wide field ranging from general purpose computers to such a civil life level as personal computers, game machines, etc.
Still another object of this invention is to provide a physical random number storing medium which can provide physical random numbers of good quality as random numbers.
Another object of this invention is to provide a physical random number storing medium which is applicable to a wide field ranging from general purpose computers to such a civil life level as personal computers, game machines, etc.
These and other objects of this invention can be achieved by providing a physical random number generator, including a noise source for generating a noise signal, an AC coupling amplifying unit for amplifying the noise signal while removing DC component therefrom by AC coupling to generate an amplified noise signal, and an A/D conversion unit for A/D converting the amplified noise signal to digital values and for generating random number data based on the digital values as an output of the physical random number generator.
According to one aspect of this invention, there is provided a physical random number display device, including the physical random number generator as described above, and a display unit for displaying data based on the random number data generated from the physical random number generator.
According to another aspect of this invention, there is provided a communication equipment, including the physical random number generator as described above, and a signal modulation unit for modulating a signal using the random number data generated from the physical random number generator.
According to still another aspect of this invention, there is provided a data encoder, including the physical random number generator as described above, and an encoding unit for encoding data using the random number data generated from the physical random number generator.
According to a further aspect of this invention, there is provided a physical random number input device, including the physical random number generator as described above, and a bus interface unit connected to interface with a data input/output bus of a computer for inputting the random number data generated from the physical random number generator into the computer.
According to another aspect of this invention, there is provided a physical random number input device, including the physical random number generator as described above, and a network interface unit connected to interface with a computer network for transmitting the random number data generated from the physical random number generator to the computer network in response to a request from a computer.
According to still another aspect of this invention, there is provided a physical random number storing medium readable by a computer in which the random number data generated by the physical random number generator as described above are stored.
According to a further aspect of this invention, there is provided a method of generating p
Kanemoto Shigeru
Onodera Toru
Tsunoyama Shigeaki
Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
Mai Tan V.
Oblon & Spivak, McClelland, Maier & Neustadt P.C.
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