Computer graphics processing and selective visual display system – Plural physical display element control system – Display elements arranged in matrix
Reexamination Certificate
2001-06-12
2004-08-10
Hjerpe, Richard (Department: 2673)
Computer graphics processing and selective visual display system
Plural physical display element control system
Display elements arranged in matrix
C349S002000, C349S025000, C315S169100
Reexamination Certificate
active
06774880
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a photo-addressable type recording display apparatus, and more particularly relates to a photo-addressable type recording display apparatus provided with a light switching element and a display element combined together.
2. Description of the Related Art
Recently, a photo-addressable type spatial light modulation device provided with functional elements such as photoconductive light switching element and a display element that are combined together has been developed, and has been used practically as a light valve of a projector. Furthermore, it is tried to use it in the optical information processing field as described in “Liquid crystal spatial light modulator and information processing” EKISHO, Vol. 2, No. 1, 1998, pp. 3-18.
Furthermore, for example, as described in H. Yoshida, T. Takizawa, et al., “Reflective Display with Photoconductive Layer and a Bistable, Reflective Cholesteric Mixture” SID, 1996, APPLICATION DIGEST, pp. 59, a recording display medium provided with a display element formed of cholesteric liquid crystal and a light switching element formed of amorphous silicon and Elgraphy system that is an image input system formed of laminated memory liquid crystal and organic photosensitive material have been studied as a photo-addressable type recording display medium.
As the display material used for the display element of such photo-addressable type recording display medium, various liquid crystal material such as nematic liquid crystal, twist nematic liquid crystal, super twist liquid crystal, and smectic liquid crystal, surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal, polymer dispersion liquid crystal that is formed by polymer-dispersing the liquid crystal material as described hereinabove, and capsulated liquid crystal that is formed by capsulating the liquid crystal material as described hereinabove have been known.
A photo-addressable type recording display medium provided with a display element formed of memory display material is capable of holding the display state without electric power for holding the recording display. Therefore, because the display state is held even if the display medium is detached from a writing apparatus after the digital information has been recorded and displayed, it is possible to carry away the display medium that has been detached from the writing apparatus, and such display medium has been attract much attentions as an electronic paper medium.
For example, cholesteric liquid crystal, ferroelectric liquid crystal, polymer dispersion liquid crystal, and capsulated liquid crystal have been known as memory display material, and application of these display material to a recording display medium that is detachable from a power source has been studied.
Particularly, a filter used for color selection is unnecessary for cholesteric liquid crystal or cholesteric capsulated liquid crystal that is formed by capsulating cholesteric liquid crystal because of its selective reflectibility, and also color display is realized by use of an external single electrode, these display element material has attracted much attentions because of advantages described hereinabove.
On the other hand, amorphous silicon (referred to as a-Si:H hereinafter) that has been proposed as an electronic photographic photosensitive material and has been used practically and organic photosensitive material (referred to as OPC hereinafter) have been known as the element used for a light switching element of a photo-addressable type recording display medium. The photosensitive material such as Se and CdS is not used currently though these are usable for a light switching element, because these are severely harmful for the environment and human body.
a-Si:H has been used practically as photosensitive material for electronic photography and the high sensitivity and high hardness are characteristic of a-Si:H. However, a-Si:H is disadvantageous in that the manufacturing cost is high because a large scale facility is necessary for manufacturing because it is manufactured by chemical vapor deposition and the film depositing speed is as low as several &mgr;m/h. As the result, a-Si:H is replaced by OPC because of its low cost and high sensitivity.
A general schematic structure of a photo-addressable type recording display medium provided with such display element and light switching element is shown in FIG.
12
. In
FIG. 12
, the photo-addressable type recording display medium
70
has a laminate structure in which a conductive substrate
60
, a charge generation layer (CGL)
62
formed of OPC placed on the conductive substrate
60
, and a charge transfer layer (CTL)
64
formed of OPC are laminated in the order from the bottom. The charge generation layer
62
functions as a light switching element layer and generates holes and electrons in the layer when it is irradiated with a light. The charge transfer layer
64
is formed of OPC that functions to transfer electrons, and functions to transfer holes or electrons generated in the charge generation layer
62
in one-way or in two-way fashion.
In the case that an image is to be formed by use of the recording display medium
70
having the structure as described hereinabove, at first ions are charged on the surface of the charge transfer layer
64
side, and the surface is irradiated with a light having the distribution corresponding to the image data. When the surface is irradiated with the light, holes and electrons are generated in quantity corresponding to the light quantity. The one of generated holes and electrons is attracted to the ions charged on the surface of the charge generation layer
62
, moves toward the surface side of the charge generation layer
62
, and offsets the charges of ions on the surface.
In other words, charges on the part irradiated with the light is extinguished and on the other hand charges on the part not irradiated with the light remains unchanged. Thereafter, when charged toner is supplied on the charge transfer layer
64
side surface, toner remains only on the part where the charge remains, and the toner image that remains on the charge transfer layer
64
side surface is transferred and fixed on a recording medium to thereby obtain an image.
Elgraphy system (referred to as Elgraphy hereinafter) that uses a display medium having the structure as described hereinabove as a recording display medium for an electrostatic image recording system is proposed in Japan Hardcopy, 1996, Fall Meeting, pp. 25.
The Elgraphy is an alternative to development system in photography, and has attracted much attention as a system used for reproducing an image that has been easily taken by a camera at high accuracy. In the Elgraphy, a recording display medium is formed by combining a liquid crystal layer formed of memory liquid crystal and an OPC layer together. The OPC layer, which is used as a light switching element, functions to apply a DC voltage on the recording display medium and to selectively irradiate the recording display medium with a light to thereby generate charges in the OPC layer. The OPC layer transfers the charges to the liquid crystal layer and applies an electric field on the liquid crystal layer to thereby orient liquid crystal molecules, and thus the storable image is displayed.
The Elgraphy is used exclusively for recording mainly and not used for rewriting, but it is possible to rewrite an image. In the case that an image is to be rewritten, the image is erased thermally as described in, for example, Japan Hardcopy, 1996, Fall Meeting, p25, and the recording processing described hereinabove is performed again.
However, the Elgraphy having the structure as described hereinabove is involved in problem in repetitive recording because the AC driving is not effective. In detail, because electron attractive material or electron donating material is used as the charge transportable material of the charge transport layer usually, only any one of electron or hole is transported through the charge transport layer. Ther
Fatahi-yar M.
Fuji 'Xerox Co., Ltd.
Hjerpe Richard
Oliff & Berridg,e PLC
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