Phase gradient contrast microscope

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350 364, 350 382, 35016213, 350163, 350509, G02B 2700, G02B 2742, G02B 2106, G03H 102

Patent

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047213620

ABSTRACT:
Apparatus and methods for producing an intensity image from a transparent phase object. A laser beam is generated and expanded. A shutter disposed in the path of the expanded laser beam is opened, and the expanded laser beam is split into first and second beams. The first beam is directed through the transparent phase object and focused into a photorefractive hologram recording crystal for the write time of the crystal. The shutter is closed, and the position of the transparent phase object is shifted an incremental amount. The shutter is opened again so that the first beam is directed through the shifted transparent phase object and into the photorefractive hologram recording crystal such that a phase-conjugate beam is produced traveling in the opposite direction of the first beam. The phase-conjugate beam is collimated, directed through the shifted transparent phase object, and split into third and fourth beams. The third beam is directed into the objective of a microscope to form an intensity image of the transparent phase object.

REFERENCES:
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patent: 4052119 (1977-10-01), Williams et al.
Kogelnik, "Holographic Image Projection Through Inhomogeneous Media," The ll System Technical Journal, Dec. 1965, pp. 2451-2455.
Leith et al, "Holographic Imagery Through Diffusing Media, " Journal of the Optical Society of America, vol. 56, No. 4, Apr. 1966, p. 523.
Siegman, "Dynamic Interferometry and Differential Holography of Irregular Phase Objects Using Phase Conjugate Reflection," Optics Communications, vol. 31, No. 3, Dec. 1979, pp. 257-258.
Feinberg, "Self-Pumped Continuous-Wave Phase Conjugator Using Internal Reflection," Optics Letters, vol. 7, No. 10, Oct. 82, pp. 486-488.
Brody, "Phase-Gradient Contrast Using Barium Titanate Optical Phase Conjugators," Technical Digest of the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, Optical Society of America, Jun. 19-22, 1984, Library of Congress No. 83-62643, IEEE Number 84 CH 1965-3, pp. 206-207.
Brody et al., "Dynamic Holographic Method of Imaging Phase Objects," Applied Optics, vol. 56, No. 5, Mar. 1, 1987.

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