Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Nitrogen containing other than solely as a nitrogen in an...
Patent
1994-06-17
1996-12-31
Shaver, Paul F.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Nitrogen containing other than solely as a nitrogen in an...
A01N 3302, A61K 31135
Patent
active
055895131
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
SPECIFICATION
This is a 371 of PCT/Hu92/08060, filed 12/18/92.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition, suitable for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, containing active ingredients, resulting in adequate medicinal concentrations in time and level, both in the blood and the brain, and to a process for the preparation thereof.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It is known, that monoamine oxidase (MAO) is one of the main metabolizing enzyme [Blaschko H. Pharmacol. Rev. 4, 415, (1951)] of biogenic amines occurring in the human nerve cells. Due to its activity the biogenic amines, playing an essential role in neurotransmission, are decomposed into ineffective metabolites. It was recognized that in certain diseases the level of the brain biogenic amines was decreased.
Agents, which inhibit the metabolizing enzyme (enzymes) can restore the normal level of these amines. This is the reason why MAO inhibitors were introduced in the human therapy. There are observations that MAO-inhibitions may lead to a serious side effect which is connected to tyramine (structurally a biogenic amine) potentiation ("cheese reaction") which is derived from foods and may induce blood pressure increase, and can be lethal. [Piackar and co-workers, Psychopharmacology 73, 3087, (1981)].
MAO exists in two forms, termed MAO-A and MAO-B. Inhibiting the B form selectively, the A form is able to decompose tyramine, which is a mixed type of substrate and the dangerous side effect can be avoided. This selective MAO inhibition can be accomplished by administration of (-)-deprenyl, [(-)N-(-1-phenyl-isopropyl)-N-methyl-propinylamine-hydrochloride)] which selectively and irreversibly inhibits the MAO-B enzyme [Elsworth et al., Psychopharmacology 57, 33, (1978)]. Because of the irreversible inhibition, the recovery of the enzyme activity can only be due to new enzyme resynthesis.
The development of the irreversible inhibition of the enzyme involves two steps. The first one is reversible and only the formation of the second enzyme-inhibitor complex becomes irreversible. The half life of enzyme regeneration is 7-8 days. [Oreland et al., J. Neural. Transm. Suppl. 32, 55-59 (1990)].
The substrate specificities of the enzymes and the selectivity of the mostly known inhibitors are reviewed by Dostert and his co-workers. [Medicinal Research Reviews, Vol 9, No. 1. 45-89, (1989)].
Balard [Science 219, 979-980, (1980)] and Burns (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci 80, 4546-4550 (1983)] described that MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) due to its neurotoxic activity evokes parkinsonian syndrome in man and similar symptoms can be observed in animal experiments. The MPTP causes selective damage of the dopaminergic neurons to the corpus striatum. The histological alterations are similar to those, observed in postmortem parkinsonian brains. It is known, that this effect of MPTP can be prevented with MAO inhibitors, especially with deprenyl. The preventing role of (-)-deprenyl is due to the inhibition of the conversion of MPTP to MPP.sup.+, [Nature, 311, 467, (1984)]. The MPTP induced neuronal damage can be retarded also with dopamine uptake inhibitors [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 82, 2175, 1985] like mazindol, by inhibiting the active uptake of MPP.sup.+ (methyl-phenyl-pyridinium ion) into the dopaminergic neurons.
During the period of MAO activity hydrogen peroxide and oxygen free radicals are formed, which can lead to oxydative damage of the neurons. Ammonia and some heterocyclic isoquinolines can also be formed by the MAO which can be considered neurotoxic. [Maret et al., Drug metabolism. Reviews, 22, 291-332, (1990); P. Riederer et al., Acta Neurol. Scand. 126, 41 (1989); Benedetti and Dostert, Biochem. Pharm. Vol 38, 555, (1989)].
It is known that DSP-4 [N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromo-benzylamine], a neurotoxic agent, induces noradrenaline (NA) depletion selectively from the central and peripheral noradrenergic neurons [Grzanna et al., J. Histochem. Cytochem., 1435-1442, (1989)].
It is further known that-
REFERENCES:
patent: 5326770 (1994-07-01), Wilkerson
patent: 5380761 (1995-01-01), Szabo et al.
patent: 5444095 (1995-08-01), Tatton et al.
patent: 5508311 (1996-04-01), Yu et al.
Gaal Jozsef
Hermecz Istvan
Kormoczy Peter
Lengyel Jozsef
Magyar Kalman
Chinoin Gyogyszer - es Vegyeszeti Termekek Gyara Rt.
Dubno Herbert
Myers Jonathan
Shaver Paul F.
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