Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Pyrethrum plant derived material or plant derived rotenone...
Patent
1991-04-29
1993-09-07
Nutter, Nathan M.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Pyrethrum plant derived material or plant derived rotenone...
514937, 514 66, 514 68, 514 73, 514939, 514938, 514941, 424405, A01N 2500, B27K 300
Patent
active
052429075
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to the protection of crops and the control of pests Crops that can be protected by means of the invention include tropical and temperate crops and pests which can be controlled by the invention include insect and acarine pests which infest these crops, public health pests and pests which infest or affect wood or timber and other building materials.
More particularly, the invention relates to formulations of water-insoluble oil-soluble substances in water as small particles whose Z average mean size particle size is less than 200 nm. (The Z average mean size can be defined as the model free mean of light scattering.) Such formulations include microemulsions, micellar solutions and molecular solutions.
Microemulsions are one of three identified types of dispersion (as distinct from a molecular solution) of oil, water and surfactant. (The term "oil" is used in this specification to mean any non-aqueous solvent in which a substance of interest is soluble and which is immiscible with water.) These three types of dispersion are: microemulsions, micellar solutions and normal emulsions (or macroemulsions).
Macroemulsions appear white or opaque and are characterised by their property to separate into their two original liquid phases on standing; the average particle diameter will generally be above 200 nm. Microemulsions and micellar solutions are translucent and do not separate. Microemulsions can be considered as having average droplet (or particle) diameters of from 10 to 200 nm, micellar solutions as having average particle diameters of from 2 nm to 10 nm and molecular solutions as having average particle diameters of less than 2 nm. Recent evidence, however, does suggest that microemulsions with .droplet diameters below 10 nm are possible As with macroemulsions, micrcemulsions can be of the water-in-oil (w/o) or oil-in-water (o/w) type and can be made to invert from one to another
One of the best means of differentiating between formulations useful in the invention and macroemulsions (and between microemulsions, micellar solutions and molecular solutions) is on the basis of particle or droplet size (usually measured as averages) Average particle or droplet size may be measured with a laser particle sizer, such as the MALVERN AUTOSIZER 2c (Malvern Instruments, Malvern, Hereford & Worcester) using glass cells as sample containers.
Other techniques can be used to determine additional or alternative characteristics of formulations of this invention. These include x-ray studies, electron microscopy, light scattering depolarisation and nmr. In general, nmr measurements are used to resolve theoretical questions regarding the state or location of molecules in microemulsions. The line width for protons in molecules can indicate freedom of the molecules to thermal motion, the broadening of the line indicating greater restriction of motion. The chemical shift of water is different when it is distributed in spheres or in cylindrical or lamellar micelles. Other studies are possible using nmr, in addition.
FR-A-2187226 corresponds to CA-A-1007985 and discloses insecticidal compositions comprising an anionic surfactant and a hydrotrope.
FR-A-1026169 discloses various emulsions, which may be useful in formulating insecticides comprising an alkylsulphonate surfactant and a polar compound such as an alcohol, an amino, a phenol or an acid.
U.S. Pat. No. 3954967 discloses "microcolloids" containing a resin and a polar solvent.
EP-A-0062181 corresponds to U.S. Pat. No. 4,502,348 and relates to apparently conventional emulsions containing high HLB surfactants.
EP-A-0107009 corresponds to CA-A-1209361 and relates to a development of the subject matter disclosed in EP-A-0062181; again, emulsions containing high HLB surfactants are disclosed.
EP-A-0149051 corresponds to US-A-4737520 also discloses certain emulsion formulations.
U.S. Pat. No. 4567161 discloses liquid active ingredient concentrates for the preparation of microemulsions. The microemulsions are stated to be oil-in-water microemulsions. The coemulsif
REFERENCES:
patent: 3954967 (1976-05-01), Urton
patent: 4567161 (1986-01-01), Posanski et al.
patent: 5037653 (1991-08-01), Dawson
Berry et al., "Emulsion-based Formulations For Remedial Treatments Against Woodworm", BRE Information, Oct. 1983.
Duve et al., "Hoechst Glycol Ethers (Butyl Glycol)", Hoechst Solvents--Manual For Laboratory And Industry, 5th Ed., 1975, pp. 160-165.
NC Development Inc.
Nutter Nathan M.
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