Perfume compositions – Perfume compositions – With preservative – stabilizer – or fixative
Reexamination Certificate
1999-11-22
2001-01-09
Warden, Jill (Department: 1743)
Perfume compositions
Perfume compositions
With preservative, stabilizer, or fixative
C424S076400
Reexamination Certificate
active
06172037
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention concerns perfume fixatives, that is, compositions intended for use in perfume-containing formulations to enhance fragrance life. The words “perfume” and “fragrance” are used synonymously in this specification and no significance should be attached to the choice of word used in any particular context. The invention includes within its scope perfume fixatives, mixtures of perfume and fixative, mixtures of product base and fixative, and perfumed products including perfume and fixative.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Fragrances in some products such as perfumed leave-on skin products, particularly (but not exclusively) ethanol-based ones eg (deo)colognes, personal perfumes, anti-perspirant deodorants, hair colognes etc, tend to lose their character rapidly ie the top/middle notes evaporate. There is a desire to extend the life of such perfumes, particularly in retaining the initial character and intensity of the fragrance, and various perfume fixatives have been proposed. It is an important practical consideration that the fixative should not adversely affect the aesthetic character of the product, ie the fixative should not be discernible by the user.
PRIOR ART
Various fixative systems have been proposed including fixative oils (eg GLUCAM P20 (GLUCAM is a Trade Mark)) or film-forming polymers. The former require the use of relatively high levels of oil to produce noticeable effects, whilst when the latter are effective they produce very noticeable films (both visual and tactile). Various perfume carriers/encapsulates have also been proposed but suffer from problems with cost and visibility in the product and/or on the skin/hair. JP 62114909 discloses use of 1 to 60 wt % of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and 1 to 30 wt % of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) with a fragrance material to produce a long lasting fragrance. Such levels of PVP and HPC would be very readily noticeable to the consumer.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one aspect the present invention provides a perfume fixative comprising:
(a) polyvinylpyrrolidone;
(b) hydroxypropyl cellulose; and
(c) hydrophobic oil.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is readily commercially available in a range of molecular weights. The molecular weight of the PVP is not critical, but in general it is thought that PVP of higher molecular weights gives better performance. Good results have been obtained with the high molecular weight PVP LUVISKOL K90 (LUVISKOL is a Trade Mark) from BASF. A mixture of different PVPs may be used.
Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) is similarly readily commercially available in a range of molecular weights. Higher molecular weight HPC gives better performance but also has a thickening effect, so it is preferred to use medium molecular weight HPCs as a compromise between performance and product compatibility. Good results have been obtained with KLUCEL G (KLUCEL is a Trade Mark) from Aqualon. A mixture of different HPCs may be used.
The hydrophobic oil should be non-ionic oil which is liquid at skin temperature (typically about 35° C. under normal conditions).
The hydrophobic oil suitably has an octanol/water partition co-efficient (log P) greater than 3,preferably greater than 5.
The hydrophobic oil suitably has a Hildebrand's solubility parameter (&dgr;
HILD
) (Hildebrand, J. H. & Scott, R. L. The Solubility of Nonelectrolytes, 3rd edition, Reinhold, New York, 1950) of less than 20 MPa
½
, and preferably greater than 14 MPa
½
.
For obvious reasons, the hydrophobic oil should be odourless, of low odour, or of neutral or inoffensive odour.
The hydrophobic oil should also be non-volatile, preferably having a vapour pressure of less than about 0.01 mm Hg.
The hydrophobic oil is preferably an ester and/or (poly)ether. Esters are currently the most preferred materials.
Suitable hydrophobic oils include:
Propylene glycol dicaprate/dicaprylate, ie C8, C10 diester with propylene glycol, eg as MIGLYOL 840 (MIGLYOL is a Trade Mark) from Huls.
Dioctyl adipate
Isopropyl myristate
Glycerol monooleate
POE(10) cetyl ether
POE(20) sorbitan monolaurate
Dibutyl phthalate
Acetyl tributyl citrate
POE is an abbreviation for poly(oxyethylene) ether.
The currently preferred material is MIGLYOL 840.
A mixture of hydrophobic oils may be used.
The proportions of the 3 ingredients in the fixative are not critical.
Preferably the PVP and HPC together constitute at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, by weight of the total weight of the fixative.
The oil preferably constitutes at least 10% by weight of the total weight of the fixative.
The composition typically comprises equal amounts by weight of PVP and HPC but this is not essential, and there may be cases where it is advantageous for the amount by weight of the HPC to exceed that of PVP.
Good results have been obtained with fixatives comprising, by weight, 25% PVP, 25% HPC and 50% hydrophobic oil.
A typical fixative formulation consists of:
MIGLYOL 840 50.0 wt % non-volatile oil
LUVISKOL K90 25.0 wt % PVP, high molecular weight
KLUCEL G 25.0 wt % HPC, medium molecular weight
The perfume fixative is used by being incorporated in a perfume-containing formulation or product. The fixative is found to be effective in enhancing perfume life, even when the fixative is used at low levels. The efficacy even at low levels is surprising and unexpected, and the reason for this efficacy is not yet known.
For practical reasons, the PVP and HPC together should not constitute more than about 0.5%, preferably not more than about 0.25%, by weight of the perfume-containing product. If these materials are present at higher levels they are discernible by the user, either by sight or feel, which is undesirable. However, the fixative is found to be effective in an amount corresponding to this constraint and also at lower levels.
For example, for a perfumed product containing 1% by weight perfume (which is typical of the perfume levels in a deodorant), a perfume:fixative weight ratio of at most 2:1 satisfies the above preferred constraint (for a fixative comprising 50% by weight PVP and HPC), and this is found to be more than adequate to obtain good results. Indeed, useful effects are obtained with considerably smaller amounts of fixative, eg with perfume:fixative weight ratios of 9:1 or even 19:1 which correspond to combined PVP and HPC weights of 0.055% and 0.026%, respectively (for a fixative comprising 50% by weight PVP and HPC).
For perfumed products with higher perfume levels, such as personal perfumes and fine fragrances which typically contain perfume in an amount in the range 2 to 25 % by weight, even higher perfume:fixative weight ratios can be effective.
The most effective level of the fixative depends upon the nature of the perfume and the amount in which it is used, and this can be determined by experiment.
The fixative may be used with a wide range of perfumes, although best results are obtained with perfumes that are not very substantive, ie those perfumes that are most in need of improvement.
For incorporation in a perfume or perfumed product, the fixative may be pre-mixed with perfume and then added to product base (which is all product ingredients except perfume). Alternatively the fixative may be added to the perfumed product (ie product base and perfume). As a further possibility, the fixative may be added to the product base, and perfume then added.
In a further aspect, the invention thus provides perfume mixed with perfume fixative in accordance with the invention.
The invention also covers a product base mixed with perfume fixative in accordance with the invention.
Another aspect of the invention covers a perfumed product comprising perfume fixative in accordance with the invention.
The invention is applicable to a wide range of perfumed products where fragrance life is a consideration, including perfumed leave-on skin products, including ethanol-, water- and silicone-based products, such as colognes, deo-colognes, personal perftnes, deodorant, antiperspirant deodorants, hair colognes etc.
A typical deodorant has the following composition:
Ethanol
80
Irving Pamela V.
Ness Jeremy N.
Perring Keith D.
Tuck Kathleen M.
Cole Monique T.
Pillsbury Madison & Sutro LLP
Quest International B.V.
Warden Jill
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