Electrical computers: arithmetic processing and calculating – Electrical digital calculating computer – Having specialized output
Reexamination Certificate
2000-09-05
2004-02-03
Mai, Tan V. (Department: 2124)
Electrical computers: arithmetic processing and calculating
Electrical digital calculating computer
Having specialized output
Reexamination Certificate
active
06687720
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a mobile calculating device, utilizing aa scrolling accessible feature, to provide number and test grading display information, and relates to a calculating device or assembly which can also provide number and grade averaging features, along with other number calculator functions, and display and timing features.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Although no references were found specifically relating to the present invention, especially with regard to its function of scrolling number and test-grading information; those references typical of other marginally related prior art found in the process of a patent search include U.S. Pat. Nos. to Brittan, U.S. Pat. No. 5,233,552; Collard, U.S. Pat. No. 4,868,772; Mcguire et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,282,580; Brittan, U.S. Pat. No. 4,048,484; Brittan, U.S. Pat. No. 4,715,011; Collins, U.S. Pat. No. 4,118,783; and Lemmons, U.S. Pat. No. 3,691,651.
Additionally, published and/or copyrighted works found, include: (1) “The E-Z GRADER”, published by The E-Z Grader Company, Box 24040, Cleveland, Ohio 44124, Copyright, 1971 by R. F. Warner; (2) “Long Ranger E-Z Grader”, distributed by the E-Z Grader Company, Box 23608, Chagrin Falls, Ohio 44023, Copyright 1968 by E-Z Grader Company, and 1994 by B. C. Richards; and (3) “INSTANT GRADER”™, Copyright 1989 by Incentive Publications, Inc., Nashville, Tenn.
Specifically, the Brittan patent references '552, and '011, disclose, a hand-held calculator of the type used by teachers in averaging grades, and a calculator for use by teachers for converting numeric scores into letter grades; respectively.
Brittan '552 discloses and claims a grade-averaging calculator for use by teachers in averaging a sequence of intermixed letter grades and numeric grades. This invention comprises letter means for inputted letter grades; numeric means for inputted numeric grades, and conversion means for converting either all of the inputted letter grades or all of the inputted numeric grades into a format enabling the numeric grades and the letter grades to be commonly processed this invention also includes a processor means for calculating an average of a sequence of inputted and converted letter and numeric grades.
Brittan '011 discloses and claims a calculator for use by teachers for converting numeric scores into student letter grades. This invention comprises means for inputting a high numeric standard and a low numeric standard, means for calculating numeric ranges between the high and low numeric standards, where each range will correspond to a letter grade; means for inputting a student numeric score; means for determining the numeric range encompassing the student numeric score and for determining the corresponding student letter grade; and display means for displaying the corresponding student letter grade in singular fashion. The apparent thrust of this invention is for this calculator to automatically establish appropriate letter grades bases on given maximum and minimum numeric scores. The teacher, in this case, inputs the maximum and minimum scores into this calculator and thereafter inputs the individual student numeric scores. This calculator responds by assigning each numeric score a letter grade as determined by the internal grading curve or numeric ranges, set up.
The display features of the Brittan '552 and '011 references, provide only for single number section, a single GPA-number section, and a single letter-grade section; and distinguish and set forth number and display information in a substantially different manner, structurally and functionally, in light of the present invention.
Brittan '484 discloses a Digital Grade Averager or digital calculator adapted for use by teachers in averaging a plurality of grades. It employs a key board of letter grades, and numbers 0 to 13, a regular calculator chip, circuitry for decoding a letter grade from the digital output when letter grades are entered and after the grades are averaged; and a disclosed counter to keep track of the grades entered. This calculator also permits regular arithmetic computations.
McGuire '580 simply reflects a Pocket Calculator With Grade Averaging Function; a hand-held calculator having a keyboard, visual display, microprocessor and power source. Its microprocessor has a program that enables one to enter a sequence of letter grades through the keyboard, and compute a running average of the sequence. The current result of the average is visually displayed. The display format of this invention is apparently provided with eight (8) available, single display entry locations or positions. Its first two locations are utilized to display a letter grade, and positive
egative if applicable. Its next four positions are employed for counting the number of papers or grades being considered toward the final average. Its next position is inoperative as a separator or power indicator; and its final position is displays either “S” or “T”, for its register read out, either its ‘subtotal’ or ‘total’. This play format is in vast distinction, structurally and functionally, to that of the present invention. Additionally, McGuire's program enables one to calculate running averages of subsequences of grades simultaneously with the overall sequence average, such that grade averages for individual students can be computed at the same time that the overall average of all students is being computed. Maguire's distinguishable display is tied to this function.
Collins '783 sets forth a Digital Grade Averager, a calculator, for use by teachers, which adds letter grades, with or without +/− designation; average those grades in terms of their numerical equivalents; and displays the average grade and the number of grades averaged. Input and display, and its structure and function, in light of the present invention is vastly different.
The Lemmons '651 patent and the above referenced, published printed matter or devices; set forth means of obtaining the averaging of grades, or a final test score, based on the number of problems of a given test, and the number of problems wrong as to each student. Although some functional similarity exists in reference to the overall prior art and the present invention, the means employed, and endemic structure and function is vastly different from the present invention.
None of the references found in the prior art specifically illustrate or disclose the Grading Display And Averaging Calculator Assembly of the present invention. Nor is the present invention obvious in view of any of the prior art references listed. In addition, all of the relevant prior art heretofore known suffer from a number of disadvantages.
None of the prior art devices or methods of their use address providing a display setting forth a multiple number of numeric grades based on the number of problems on a given test, or parts existing within a given whole; and the range within which the number wrong on a test (or the parts being taken away form the whole) falls within.
Also, none of the prior art calculator devices offer the programming, calculation and connected display features, which present a multiple number of grades, within which the correct grade for a given test-taker will exist, which are in close positional relationship to one another, such as in a horizontal, vertical or other linear sequence in relationship to one another.
Additionally, other calculator devices in the prior art do not present or disclose a calculator device which concurrently sets forth the number of problems on an exam, the range of problems wrong within which the actual number wrong for a given student exists, and a multiple, consecutive series of positionally adjacent grade possibilities based on the problems wrong in the exam and the number of problems on an exam; all of which is presented at one time on an expanded display.
In this regard, the prior art further does not provide a hand-held calculator which easily and contemporaneously displays a list of potentia
Colver Dean
House Peter
Simmons David L.
Brown, Esq. M. Alex
Mai Tan V.
Simmons David L.
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