Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Measuring or testing process involving enzymes or... – Involving virus or bacteriophage
Patent
1990-06-22
1999-11-09
Budens, Robert D.
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Measuring or testing process involving enzymes or...
Involving virus or bacteriophage
514 12, 514 13, 514 14, 514 15, 514 16, 530324, 530325, 530326, 530327, 530328, 530329, C12Q 170, C07K 706, C07K 708, C07K 1416
Patent
active
059811706
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to artificial peptides having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to a naturally occurring amino acid sequence of a HIV comprising an epitope and which further has two cysteine residues located on each side of said epitope, and further having a sulphur bridge between said two cysteine residues which has been formed by a chemical oxidation step. The invention also relates to artificial antigens, which react with antibodies induced by a HIV, a method of detecting antibodies induced by a HIV in a sample of body fluid, a diagnostic immunoassay kit for said method, and a vaccine composition comprising, as an immunizing component, at least one antigen of the invention.
BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART
The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a sexually transmitted disease that can also be transmitted through contaminated blood or blood products. It is caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, previously called HTLV-III) which infects and is latently harboured in T4-lymphocytes and monocytes (Wong-Staal, F. and Gallo, R. C.: Human T-lymphotropic retroviruses. Nature 317:395-403, 1985). The chronically HIV-infected individual may in turn transmit HIV, most often by sexual contact. During infection, the immune response deteriorates and AIDS develops in 50-70% of the cases. The fate for the remainder of infected persons is not yet known. When AIDS develops it is lethal and characterised by opportunistic infection, Kaposi sarcoma, other tumors and/or neurological disease.
To diagnose an HIV infection, virus is isolated or the antibody response is measured. Virus isolation is successful in 30-50% of asymptomatic HIV infected persons, and in 90-100% of patients who developed AIDS. The antibody response is composed of immunoglobulins directed to the various structural and enzymatic components of HIV. They include the virus envelope proteins glycoprotein (gp)120, the transmembrane protein gp41 and their precursor gp160, the interior structural group antigens p24, 17 and 7/9 and their precursor p 55, the enzymes reverse transcriptase (RT) p65/51 and endonuclease p32 and protease. Antibodies to proteins of the regulatory regions of the HIV genome also develop. The correct identification of an HIV-infected person depends on the type(s) of immunoglobulin (Ig) he produces and on the correct composition of antigens used in the immunoassay.
One common way to establish a diagnosis through antibody detection is to screen serum samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Sarngadharan, M. G., Popovic, M., Bruch, L., Schupbach, J. and Gallo, R. C.: Antibodies reactive with human T-lymphotropic retroviruses (HTLV-III) in the serum of patients with AIDS. Science 224:506-508, 1984; Schupbach, J., Haller, O., Vogt, M., Luthy, R., Joller, H., Oelz, O., Popovic, M., Sarngadharan, M. G. and Gallo, R. C.: Antibodies to HTLV-III in Swiss patients with AIDS and pre-AIDS and in groups at risk for AIDS. The New Engl. J. Med. 312:265-270, 1985). Wells of microplates coated with viral antigens are reacted with the serum samples under investigation, washed, and antihuman Ig added. The latter reagent is labelled with an enzyme. After washing, the enzyme labelled antihuman Ig remains only if specific antiviral Ig was present in the serum sample. It is visualized by addition of a substrate for the enzyme and the color reaction quantified in a spectrophotometer. To verify this positive ELISA reaction, the serum sample is then added to e.g. Western blots which contain electrophoretically separated virus subcomponents. An immunoreaction on the Western blot will show whether Ig is reactive with the bands characteristic of viral subcomponents. Usually two different and characteristic bands are required to establish a definite diagnosis of HIV antibody.
The reliability of HIV antibody detection is dependent on the reagents of the ELISA plate. Lysates of infected cells may contain cellular contaminants, causing false positive serological reactions (Saag, M. S. and Britz, J.: Asymptomatic blood donor with a
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Ruden Ulla
Trojnar Jerzy
Wahren Britta
Budens Robert D.
Ferring AB
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