Plants – Rose – Climber
Plant Patent
2000-03-29
2002-02-26
Campell, Bruce R. (Department: 1661)
Plants
Rose
Climber
Plant Patent
active
PP012425
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF INVENTION
The invention is related to the development of a novel geranium plant ‘Narmada’ derived as a somaclonal variant “CIMAP/GER SA 44” from the Indian cultivar ‘Bourbon’. The invention is related to the development of a plant which possesses desirable high percentage of cis- and trans- rose oxides, free rhodinol (linalool+citronellol+geraniol) and total rhodinol (linalool+citronellol+geraniol+citronellyl formate+geranyl formate) which contribute to perfumery value of essential oil of geranium. The somaclone “CIMAP/GER SA EE” now named ‘Narmada’ is propagated vegetatively through stem cuttings and is stable for commercial cultivation.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Pelargonium graveolens
L Herit commonly known as ‘rose scented geranium’ yields an essential oil on distillation of its above ground fresh biomass which is common known as ‘Oil of Geranium’. It is a native to the dry slopes of Cape Province of South Africa and has spread to different parts of the world. In India, it was introduced in the early part of the present century. The highest quality oil possesses a delicate rose-line fragrance and is used in perfumes and flavors, while the lower quality oil has been widely used in general purpose perfumes for hand creams, soaps and other toilet requisites.
Commercial geranium oil is a mixture of 120 mono and sesquiterpenes and low molecular weight aroma compounds. The main constituents are citronellol, geraniol, linalool and formates of geraniol and citronellol which constitute about 60-70% of total oil.
Three types of geranium oil are recognised in trade viz, Reunion or Bourbon, African or Egyptian and Chinese. The Chinese geranium oil is characterized by its larger citronellol; geraniol ratio of 3-4:1 as compared with the ratio 1:1 in Bourbon and Egyptian geranium oils. ‘Bourbon’ and ‘Egyptian’ geranium oils are distinguished by their relative contents of guaia-6,9-diene and 10-epi-&ggr;-eudesmol.
In India, only two varieties are grown. (1) ‘Bourbon’ or ‘Reunion’ and (2) ‘Algerian’ or ‘Tunisian’. The essential oil of the Indian cultivar ‘Bourbon’ resembles the African geranium oil. The essential oil of the cultivar ‘Algerian’ resembles the Chinese geranium oil in its ratio of citronellol:geraniol. Recently, introduction of another clone has been reported but its oil has a citronellol:geraniol ratio 1:5. So, for the farmers cultivating geranium and the industries, the choice of oil is limited due to limited cultivars, the yield of which have remained constant since long.
Further, geranium is propagated vegetatively by stem cuttings as these plans do not flower or flower sparsely and, generally, do not produce any seeds in India. Genetic improvement by sexual methods of breeding is extremely difficult. As these cultivars have been propagated only vegetatively over a long period of time, somaclonal variation through tissue culture can be expected to be a desirable approach in genetic improvement through selection. Keeping these factors in mind this new improved clone of the invention, CIMAP/GER-SA 44 of
Pelargonium graveolens
was derived as a somaclonal variant from the Indian cultivar, ‘Bourbon’ and named as ‘Narmada’. The plants as asexually produced through cuttings remain true to type.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, the main object of the invention is to develop a novel geranium plant ‘Narmada’.
Another object is to develop a geranium plant that possesses high percentage of rose oxides, free rhodinol, total alcohol and high citronellol; geraniol ratio which contributes to the perfumery value of the essential oil yielded by the plant.
Yet another object is to develop novel geranium plant ‘Narmada’ yielding high percentage of essential perfumery oil and low content of undesirable “isomenthone and 10-epi-&ggr;-erudesmol”.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with above and other objects, the invention provides a novel plant ‘Narmada’ derived as a somaclonal variant CIMAP/GER SA 44 from the Indian cultivar, ‘Bourbon’ clone. Novel plant ‘Narmada’ has high percentage of cis- and trans- rose oxides, free rhodinol (linalool+citronellol+geraniol) and total rhodinol (linalool+citronellol+geraniol+citronellyl formate+geranyl formate) which contributes to perfumery value of essential oil of geranium. To the best of the Inventors' knowledge None of the parental cultivars are patented in the United States of America or the subject of a pending U.S. Application.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, the invention provides a new plant ‘Narmada’ of
Pelargonium graveolens
yielding high perfume value essential oil developed through tissue culture, possessing the following combination of characteristics:
a. Lettuce greenish leaves (137B), alternate, stipulate, simple with about 5 palmatisect primary lobes and pinnatisect secondary lobes, pubescent on both sides,
b. Produces high yield of herbage to the extend of 380 to 490 gram per plant and yields oil to the extent of 0.25 to 0.30%,
c. The plant has a high Citronellol/geraniol ratio 1.34±0.05 (0.59-2.48), producing significantly high free Rhodinol 64.21±0.33 (58.0-69.2) and total Rhodinol 76.98±0.4 (69.8-82.2) compared to the parent variety ‘Bourbon’,
d. The essential oil of the plant is characterized by low content of isomenthone (0.05-2.0) and 10-epi-&ggr;-eudesmol (0.4-4.0%) at different stages of growth, and
e. The plant has distinct molecular profile by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) using 20 MAP primers distinguishing the plant from the other existing varieties.
The colour codes employed in the specification are according to R.H.S. Colour Chart published by The Royal Horticultural Society, 80 Vincent Square, London SWIP 2PE, 1995.
REFERENCES:
P.N. Kaul, et al., “Volatile Constitutents of Three Cultivars of Rose-Scented Geranium (Pelargonium Sp.) as Influenced by Method of Distillation,” Pafai Journal, Oct.-Dec. 1995, pp. 21-26.
Sri A. Y. Swamy, et al. “Cultivation of Scented Geranium (Pelargonium Graveolens) on the Nilgiris,” Indian Perfumer, vol. IV, Part I, 1960, pp. 3-9.
A. M. Humphrey, et al. “Application of Gas-Liquid Chromatography to the Analysis of Essential Oils Part XV. * Determination of ‘Rhodinol’ in Oils of Geranium,” Analyst, vol. 115, Apr., 1990, pp. 459-462.
B.V. Charlwood, “XX Pelargonium spp. (Geraniumo): In Vitro Culture and the Production of Aromatic Compounds,” Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, vol. 15, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants III (ed. By Y.P.S. Bajaj), 1991, pp. 339-352.
B.R. Rajeswara, et al., “History and botanical nomenclature of rose scented geranium culitvars grown in India,” Indian Perfumer, 36 (2), 1992, pp. 155-161.
Gopal R. Mallavarapu, et al., “Chemical and Agronomical Investigations of a New Chemotype of Geranium,” J. Essent. Oil Res., 5, Jul./Aug. 1993, pp. 433-438.
P. Teisseire, “7 Industrial Quality Control of Essential Oils by Cappillary GC,” pp. 237-247.
Darokar Mahendra Pandurang
Khanuja Suman Preet Singh
Kulkarni Raghavendra Narayanrao
Kumar Sushil
Mallavarapu Gopal Rao
Campell Bruce R.
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
Para A
LandOfFree
Pelargonium graveolens plant named ‘Narmada’ does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Pelargonium graveolens plant named ‘Narmada’, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Pelargonium graveolens plant named ‘Narmada’ will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-2983915