Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Enzyme – proenzyme; compositions thereof; process for... – Hydrolase
Patent
1989-10-11
1994-08-09
Robinson, Douglas W.
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Enzyme , proenzyme; compositions thereof; process for...
Hydrolase
25217412, C12N 954, C11D 3386
Patent
active
053366115
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to novel proteolytic enzymes having improved properties for use in detergents. These properties include improved stain removing ability in laundry detergent washing compositions, improved stability in laundry detergents upon storage and improved stability in suds prepared from the detergents.
2. Background of the Invention
Use of enzymatic additives, in particular proteolytic enzymes, in detergent compositions to enable removal of protein based soilings has been amply documented. See for example the published European Patent Applications (EP-A-) 0220921 and 0232269, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,480,037 and Re 30,602, and the article "Production of Microbial Enzymes", Microbial Technology, vol. 1 (1979) 281-311, Academic Press.
Detergent compositions may be in a powder, liquid or paste form. They contain one or more anionic, nonionic, cationic, zwitterionic or amphoteric compounds as the detergent active material. Such compounds are described at length in "Surface Active Agents" Vol II by Schwartz, Perry and Berch, Interscience Publishers (1958). Furthermore, they may include sequestering agents, stabilizing compounds, fragrance compounds and in some cases oxidizing agents, usually called bleaches. Detergent compositions are applied for hard surface cleaning, toilet cleaning, dish washing (either automatic or by hand) and laundry cleaning.
Laundry detergents are generally divided into two major types, liquids and powders. Liquid laundry detergents have high concentrations of surfactants, neutral to moderately alkaline pH and generally do not contain bleaching agents. Powder detergents mostly have high alkalinity (sud pH 9-11); they contain sequestering agents like sodium tripolyphosphate and, depending on the washing habits of the countries where they are sold, they may or may not contain bleaching agents.
Enzymes currently used in detergent compositions are added in liquid suspension, sol or granulate form. For example, in powder detergents the proteolytic enzymes are generally present in an encapsulated form such as prills (e.g. of Maxatase.RTM. and Maxacal.RTM.) or granulates (e.g. of Savinase.RTM. and Alcalase.RTM.). Maxatase and Maxacal are marketed by International Bio-Synthetics B.V. (Rijswijk, The Netherlands), Savinase and Alcalase by NOVO Industri A/S (Bagsvaerd, Denmark). In liquid laundry detergents, enzymes are mostly present in solution.
Proteolytic enzymes are generally difficult to combine with detergent compositions. They must be stable and active during application, for example in removing proteinaceous stains from textile during washing at temperatures ranging from about 10.degree. C. to over 60.degree. C. Furthermore they must be stable for prolonged periods of time during storage in the detergent product. Consequently, enzymes have to be stable and functional in the presence of sequestering agents, surfactants, high alkalinity, in some cases bleaching agents, and elevated temperature. As there exist neither universal laundry detergents nor universal washing conditions (pH, temperature, sud-concentration, water hardness) that are used all over the world, the demands on enzymes may vary based on the type of detergent in which they are used and on the washing conditions.
The conditions governing the stability of enzymes in powder detergents are generally not optimal. For example, during storage of enzyme preparations in powder detergents, despite the apparent physical separation of the enzyme from the detergent matrix by encapsulation of the enzyme, oxidizing agents from the detergent affect the protease and reduce its activity. Another cause of instability of the enzyme in powder detergents during storage, is autodigestion, especially at high relative humidities.
Moreover, oxidizing agents often present in powder detergents have an important drawback on stain removing efficiency during application in laundry cleaning by way of fixation of proteinaceous stains to the fabric. Additionally, these oxidizing agents and other detergent componen
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Cuperus Roelck A.
Lensink Johan H. A.
Misset Onno
Mulleners Leonardus J. S. M.
van der Laan Johannes C.
Gist-Brocades N.V.
Rae-Venter Barbara
Robinson Douglas W.
Weber Jon P.
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