Dentistry – Apparatus – Having means to emit radiation or facilitate viewing of the...
Reexamination Certificate
1999-02-01
2002-06-11
Wilson, John J. (Department: 3732)
Dentistry
Apparatus
Having means to emit radiation or facilitate viewing of the...
C433S116000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06402511
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Dental practitioners have been aware for years that the repeated handling of a dental tool by gloved or ungloved hands after either the dental practitioner's or the hygienist's hands have been in or around the mouths of several different patients without proper sterilization can bring about the spread of contagious diseases. Such contagious or communicable diseases are borne in or on the body fluids and/or tissues which may become attached to the tool or to the exterior surfaces of the gloved or ungloved hands of the dental practitioner or hygienist and then transmitted to the dental tool or implement, such as an intra-oral camera or an ultraviolet curing light, through contact. More recently, the spread of the hepatitis virus and the acquired immune deficiency virus have caused great concern among dental practitioners, dental hygienists and other staff members not only for their patients, but also for their own health and well-being.
The hepatitis virus and the acquired immune deficiency virus have been found to be carried in or on body fluids and/or tissues. In the environment in which dental practitioners, hygienists and other dental staff members work, i.e. inside the mouth, bodily fluids such as saliva, blood, tissues comprising the gum and portions of the teeth, the pulp and root, etc. may potentially transmit the virus form through contact. The process of cleaning and/or repairing teeth by filling caries, performing a root canal procedure or performing restorative or cosmetic dentistry requires the drilling of the teeth and the subsequent scattering of tissue particles and body fluids about the mouth.
During restorative and cosmetic dental procedures, an intra-oral camera may be inserted into the mouth in order to view particular areas within the mouth which are difficult to view, or which can be seen more clearly through the enlargement provided by the monitor attached to the camera. It is also possible that during restorative and cosmetic dental procedures an ultraviolet curing light may be inserted into the mouth of the patient in order to effect the polymerization of the materials utilized in the restorations of the teeth. Some of the particles and/or fluids which potentially carry disease causing organisms may become attached or adhered to the gloved or ungloved hand of the dental practitioner, hygienist or other dental staff member, or to the unsheathed exterior of the intra-oral camera or the curing light. While it is possible to remove and discard the protective gloves, cleaning and sterilizing the exterior of sensitive electronic or narrow band illumination devices such as the intra-oral camera and ultraviolet curing light, between use on different patients has become a serious problem because of their specialized construction.
During dental procedures ranging from cutting and shaping teeth for receiving caps and/or more extensive bridge work and restoration, or the newer cosmetic dentistry using certain polymers to build up or repair the teeth, the ultraviolet curing light may be placed into the interior of a patient's mouth in close proximity to the tooth or teeth being repaired to effect the curing (or polymerization) of the polymer materials used to restore the tooth or teeth through the use of certain visible lightwaves, i.e. infrared range illumination. The light guide portion of the curing light is placed into the patient's mouth by the dental practitioner or other staff member in order to effect the desired during of the restoration and repair material.
The problem of disease transmission occurs as the curing light is replaced in its holder for subsequent use, possibly on a different patient, without attention to cleaning and sterilization. Anything the light guide may have come into contact with while in the patient's mouth may have become attached to the light guide and be transmitted to the next patient on whom the curing light is used. The mere swabbing down of the light guide with a disinfecting solution will not sterilize the curing light, nor will it kill all of the bacteria and virus forms which may have become attached thereto.
The same is true for an intra-oral camera, containing a dental illumination lamp, which is used by the dental practitioner to illuminate and view, on the associated enlarged video monitor, particular areas of the patient's mouth. Because of the long, narrow tubular construction of the intra-oral camera, and its use either during, intermediate, or subsequent to certain procedures within the patient's mouth, whatever may have been dislodged in the form of tissue or other tooth material or in the form of bodily fluids may become adhered to the exterior of the intra-oral camera and be transmitted to the next patient on whom the camera may be used. As in the earlier case, the swabbing down of the exterior of the camera body with a disinfecting solution will not sterilize it nor will such swabbing kill all of the bacteria and virus forms which may have become attached thereto. The same will be true for a dental illuminating lamp having similar construction (but without the video capabilities) used for illuminating the work place within the patient's mouth.
There have been some attempts to provide sterile sheaths for other dental tools, i.e. the dental handpiece or drill. U.S. Pat. No. 4,266,935 [Hoppe] and U.S. Pat. No. 4,728,290 [Eisner, et al.] provide apparatus which are particularly adapted for use with the dental hand pieces in use today. Neither of these devices address the problem of sheathing either the dental curing light or the intra-oral camera with a sterile shield or barrier which prevents pathogenic contamination but permits the visible lightwaves to be emitted without interruption or wavelength shifting.
There have also been attempts to provide sheaths to other dental or surgical implements, which sheaths provide protection against carrying bacteria and/or virus forms onto the exterior surfaces of the particular implements or tools. U.S. Pat. No. 3,794,091 [Ersek, et al.] discloses a sterile sheath for enclosing an elongated surgical illuminating lamp (endoscope) with a light transmitting lens means disposed at the tip of the light transmitting shaft of the lamp structure. The sheath of Ersek is required to be made of a thermoplastic, thermosetting film in order to provide the necessary durability, rigidity and transparency required of the device. Because the sheath may be inserted through fairly long body canals, the sheath is required to exhibit the described characteristics in order to go around or through obstructions, be sufficiently flexible to bend around turns, curves or comers, yet still retain sterile integrity so that the sheath or barrier is not breached.
Another attempt is that made by U.S. Pat. No. 4,757,381 [Cooper, et al.] which describes a sheath for placement over and around a dental camera. However, the Cooper device does not snugly overlie the dental camera and requires attachment by rotationally twisting the sheath and securing it at either end of the dental camera so that the twisted and rotated sheath remains in that position to achieve the prevention of cross-contamination from patient to patient from subsequent uses of the dental camera. The disclosure particularly describes a transparent, clear plastic material which is used to cover the dental camera, but which material does not exhibit any significant elasticity or strength beyond that necessary to resist minimal tearing when the rotating and twisting motion is utilized to secure the sheath in position.
An attempt to provide a transparent cover to alight ray radiation device was made in U.S. Pat. No. 4,804,240 [Mori]. The description indicates that the cover member which covers the light radiator having a hat-shaped elastic body which is capable of transmitting the visible light ray components transmitted into the optical conductor cable. The cover member, although made to be disposable, may be cleaned and disinfected
Piltch Sanford J.
Wilson John J.
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