Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Whole live micro-organism – cell – or virus containing – Genetically modified micro-organism – cell – or virus
Patent
1980-04-23
1982-08-24
Hazel, Blondel
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Whole live micro-organism, cell, or virus containing
Genetically modified micro-organism, cell, or virus
424 88, A61K 3900, A61K 39102
Patent
active
043460747
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to pasteurellosis vaccines their production and use for the prevention and control of pasteurellosis in sheep, cattle and other animals.
Pasteurellosis is a common respiratory disease of sheep and cattle which may often lead to fatality, particularly in the case of young animals, and thus the prevention and control of this disease is of great importance to farmers engaged in the rearing of sheep and cattle. In sheep the disease appears as either a pneumonia or a septicaemic condition dependent upon the age of the infected animal and the strain of the infecting organism, whereas in cattle the disease is encountered primarily as a penumonia in regions with temperate climates. Pasteurella haemolytica has been identified as the main causative agent of the disease in sheep, and two of the serotypes of this organism together with strains of an associated organisms, Pasteurella multocida, appear to be responsible for the pneumonic disease of cattle. Two biotypes of P. haemolytica have been identified, the A biotype generally associated with septicaemias in young lambs and pneumonias in older sheep, and the T biotype generally associated with septicaemias in adult sheep, and within these two biotypes twelve different serotypes have been identified. Only the A biotypes but not the T biotypes of P. haemolytica appear to be involved in cattle pneumonias.
At present vaccines are commercially available for use in the prevention and control of pasteurellosis in sheep and cattle, the sheep vaccines comprising formalin killed organisms of a range of serotypes of P. haemolytica. These vaccines, however, do not appear to provide satisfactory protection against pasteurellosis. It has now been found that effective pasteurellosis vaccines for sheep and possibly cattle can be prepared if careful attention is paid to the source and method of formulation of the P. haemolytica antigenic material which is incorporated into the vaccines.
The various serotypes of P. haemolytica as hereinafter referred to e.g. the A1 and A2 serotypes, may be determined by methods previously described and understood in the art; for instance, as determined by the serotyping methods described by Biberstein et al (Biberstein, E. L., Gills, M., & Knight H. (1960) Cornell Veterinarian 50, page 283).
According to the present invention a pasteurella vaccine comprises antigenic material derived from the A1 and A2 serotypes of Pasteurella haemolytica, in which the A1 serotype antigenic material comprises capsular extract and the A2 serotype antigenic material comprises heat-killed whole organisms.
The invention also includes processes for the production of pasteurellosis vaccines in which antigenic material from the A1 and A2 serotypes of P. haemolytica, comprising capsular extract of the A1 serotype and heat-killed whole organisms of the A2 serotype, is prepared from P. haemolytica organisms and formulated into a vaccine. Furthermore the invention also includes methods for use in agricultural animal husbandry for the prevention and control of pasteurellosis in sheep, cattle and other animals which comprises vaccinating the animals with a vaccine according to the invention.
Vaccines according to the invention may be used in agricultural applications for the prevention and control of pasteurellosis in general to combat both animal losses and inefficient meat production due to the disease. In particular vaccines according to the invention are suitable for vaccination of sheep and cattle. Generally the vaccines may contain further antigenic material in addition to antigenic material derived from the P. haemolytica A1 and A2 serotypes, and it will be appreciated that the nature of such further antigenic material may depend upon the species of animal and form of disease for which the vaccine is intended. Thus, in addition to antigenic material derived from the A1 and A2 serotypes of P. haemolytica, vaccines for sheep may comprise antigenic material derived from other serotypes of P. haemolytica, and vaccines for cattle typically comprise antig
REFERENCES:
patent: 3526696 (1970-09-01), Gale et al.
Derwent Abstract No. 00385C/01, Great Britain Patent 2023420, 1978.
Mukkur et al., Am. J. Vet. Res, vol. 39, pp. 1269-1273, 1978.
Mukkur, Injection and Immunity, vol. 18, pp. 583-585 (1977).
Ganfield, et al., Injection and Immunity, vol. 14, pp. 990-999 (1976).
Thompson et al., "Serotypes of Pasteurella Haemolytica in Ovine Pasteurellosis", Research in Veterinary Science 1977, 22, 130-1.
Mukkur, T. K. S., "Demonstration of Cross-Protection between Pasteurella Multocida type A and Pasteurella Haemolytica Serotype 1", Infection and immunity, Dec. 1977, vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 583-585.
Penn et al., "Capsular and Somatic Antigens of Pasteurella Multocida, types B and E", Res. Vet. Sci. 1974, 16, 251-259.
Gilmour Neil J. L.
Martin William B.
Sharp James M.
Thompson Dennis A.
Wells Peter W.
Hazel Blondel
National Research Development Corp.
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