Electrical computers and digital processing systems: multicomput – Distributed data processing – Client/server
Reexamination Certificate
1999-07-30
2004-04-06
Sheikh, Ayaz (Department: 2155)
Electrical computers and digital processing systems: multicomput
Distributed data processing
Client/server
C709S238000, C709S224000, C707S793000, C707S793000, C707S793000, C370S254000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06718363
ABSTRACT:
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to techniques for determining the relationship between pages on the World Wide Web, and more particularly to methods of determining if pages belong to the same Web site.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The Internet, of which the World Wide Web is a part, consists of a series of interlinked computer networks and servers around the world. Users of one server or network which is connected to the Internet may send information to, or access information on, any other network or server connected to the Internet by the use of various computer programs which allow such access, such as Web browsers. The information is sent to or received from a network or server in the form of packets of data.
The World Wide Web portion of the Internet consists of a subset of interconnected Internet sites which are characterized by containing information in a format suitable for graphical display on a computer screen. Each site may consist of one or more separate pages. Pages in turn frequently contain links to other pages within the site, or to pages in other Web sites, facilitating the user's rapid movement from one page or site to another.
Among the many sites on the Web are sites which are designed for electronic commerce purposes such as the sale of goods or services. Each such site may be located entirely on a single server, or may be divided between different servers. Electronic commerce is a fast-growing component of Web use.
The Web is so large that users frequently call upon specialized programs such as Web browsers or search engines to help them locate information of interest on the Web. These specialized programs may analyze information about Web sites in a variety of ways, select a set of Web addresses that are expected to meet the user's criteria, and present this list, often in rank order, to the user. Or the specialized program may directly connect the user to the address selected as meeting the user's criteria.
As the Web has grown larger, search engines and other methods of locating relevant pages or sites have become increasingly useful. This is true for potential purchasers of goods or services just as for other users. However, current methods of retrieving Web pages or sites of potential use all have significant shortcomings.
In order to provide a user with a useful list of Web pages devoted to electronic commerce that may be of interest to him, it is useful to be able to select in as efficient and accurate a manner as possible, from among the vast quantity of Web pages, pages which are parts of sites that permit the purchase of goods or services, or other electronic transactions. This is true for at least two reasons.
First, to the extent that it is not possible efficiently and accurately to select pages which are part of sites from which electronic commerce can be carried out, a potential electronic commerce user, seeking a list of electronic commerce pages or sites that may be of interest to him, will also receive too many pages or sites that are unrelated to electronic commerce. This will both waste his time, and frustrate him. Moreover, to the extent that pages that are part of electronic commerce sites are missed, the user will not receive as complete a list of potentially-useful electronic commerce Web pages or sites as otherwise.
Second, insofar as methods for analyzing user search queries and returning lists of potentially useful Web pages or sites do so by utilizing data bases that summarize the content of Web pages or sites, the methods can proceed most quickly, and can be most efficient in their use of computer storage capacity, if the data bases upon which they rely can be limited in scope to information about Web pages that are part of electronic commerce sites, rather than being required to contain information about a much larger set of Web pages. But for a data base to be so limited, it must rely upon an efficient and accurate method of determining what Web pages relate to electronic commerce, and therefore should be summarized in the data base.
In determining whether a page is part of an electronic commerce site, however, it is not always possible to rely exclusively on information on that page; it is sometimes useful to make the determination based upon the characteristics of other pages in the site. It is therefore useful to have a method to locate other pages that are part of the same site as a given page.
For smaller sites, which are contained on a single server, that is not difficult. It is a reasonable assumption that if multiple pages contain links to one another, and all reside on the same server, they are in fact all part of the same site. Hence, starting from a given page which is of interest, one can simply follow links to other pages that are on the same server, and conclude that all such pages are part of a site. That site can then be analyzed to determine if it is likely to be an electronic commerce site.
Increasingly, however, sites on the Web are becoming larger, as companies increasingly use the Web to facilitate large scale electronic commerce. A company may distribute a site over multiple servers. Thus, there is a need for a technique to determine whether pages on different servers in fact are part of the same site. If such a technique were available, it could be used to help determine what pages were part of an electronic commerce site.
Prior efforts to solve this problem have not been completely successful. If one simply assumes that two pages are parts of different sites if they are on separate servers, that leads to missing many pages in large sites which spread over multiple servers. And such large sites may be among the most useful sites, since they may be large electronic commerce sites created by large companies.
Nor is it useful to assume that any two sites that are linked are part of the same site. Experience demonstrates that many useful Web sites contain links to other sites. Thus, treating any pages linked as part of a single site would lead to vastly overestimating the size of a typical Web site. (Indeed, given the richness of links on the Web, it might well lead to a conclusion that most of the Web is a single site!)
Finally, it is not sufficient simply to conclude that all pages that share the same URL (uniform resource locator) server hostname are part of the same site. Portions of sites sometimes have different URL server hostnames.
One could imagine an effort to develop complex algorithms to analyze the content of pages that are joined by links, to attempt to determine based on that analysis whether the pages are part of a single site. However, any such effort would be complicated, slow to execute, and of limited accuracy, given the similarity of content between similar sites that may be linked in some circumstances, and on the other hand the variety of content that may be contained within a single site in other circumstances. There is thus a need for a simple, reasonably accurate, technique for quickly determining whether pages that are linked are part of the same site.
Nor is the need for such a technique limited to the problem of classifying Web pages as being part of electronic commerce sites or not. First of all, there are many other purposes besides electronic commerce for which it will be useful to be able to select, from among the overwhelming number of Web pages, a subset of pages that have some characteristic in common: pages limited to a particular technical field, for example, or pages permitting the downloading of software. And again it may be necessary for purposes of classifying pages as satisfying such a criterion or not, to consider the characteristics of the site of which the page is a part, not just the characteristics of the page in question in isolation.
Moreover, even in the context of attempting to select pages of interest from the Web as a whole, a specialized program such as a search engine may find it desirable to consider, not just the data or information on a particular page, but the data or information on other pages within the same Web site. Sp
Oliver, Esq. Kevin A.
Sheikh Ayaz
Suchyta, Esq. Leonard C.
Verizon Laboratories Inc.
Zia Syed A.
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