Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Animal cell – per se ; composition thereof; process of...
Patent
1997-03-25
1999-11-30
Campell, Bruce R.
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Animal cell, per se ; composition thereof; process of...
435 691, 4353201, 435455, 424 9321, 536 231, C12N 1500
Patent
active
059941286
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates to the field of recombinant DNA technology, more in particular to the field of gene therapy. In particular the invention relates to gene therapy using materials derived from adenovirus, in particular human recombinant adenovirus. It especially relates to novel virus derived vectors and novel packaging cell lines for vectors based on adenoviruses.
BACKGROUND
Gene therapy is a recently developed concept for which a wide range of applications can be and have been envisaged.
In gene therapy a molecule carrying genetic information is introduced into some or all cells of a host, as a result of which the genetic information is added to the host in a functional format.
The genetic information added may be a gene or a derivative of a gene, such as a cDNA, which encodes a protein. In this case the functional format means that protein can be expressed by the machinery of the host cell.
The genetic information can also be a sequence of nucleotides complementary to a sequence of nucleotides (be it DNA or RNA) present in the host cell. The functional format in this case is that the added DNA (nucleic acid) molecule or copies made thereof in situ are capable of base pairing with the complementary sequence present in the host cell.
Applications include the treatment of genetic disorders by supplementing a protein or other substance which is, through said genetic disorder, not present or at least present in insufficient amounts in the host, the treatment of tumors and (other) acquired diseases such as (auto)immune diseases or infections, etc.
As may be clear from the above, there are basically three different approaches in gene therapy, one directed towards compensating a deficiency present in a (mammalian) host; the second directed towards the removal or elimination of unwanted substances (organisms or cells) and the third towards application of a recombinant vaccine (tumors or foreign micro-organisms).
For the purpose of gene therapy, adenoviruses carrying deletions have been proposed as suitable vehicle. Adenoviruses are non-enveloped DNA viruses. Gene-transfer vectors derived from adenoviruses (so-called adenoviral vectors) have a number of features that make them particularly useful for gene transfer for such purposes. Eg. the biology of the adenoviruses is characterized in detail, the adenovirus is not associated with severe human pathology, the virus is extremely efficient in introducing its DNA into the host cell, the virus can infect a wide variety of cells and has a broad host-range, the virus can be produced in large quantities with relative ease, and the virus can be rendered replication defective by deletions in the early-region 1 (E1) of the viral genome.
The adenovirus genome is a linear double-stranded DNA molecule of approximately 36000 base pairs with the 55-kDa terminal protein covalently bound to the 5'terminus of each strand. The Ad DNA contains identical Inverted Terminal Repeats (ITR) of about 100 base pairs with the exact length depending on the serotype. The viral origins of replication are located within the ITRs exactly at the genome ends. DNA synthesis occurs in two stages. First, the replication proceeds by strand displacement, generating a daughter duplex molecule and a parental displaced strand. The displaced strand is single stranded and can form a so-called "panhandle" intermediate, which allows replication initiation and generation of a daughter duplex molecule. Alternatively, replication may proceed from both ends of the genome simultaneously, obviating the requirement to form the panhandle structure. The replication is summarized in FIG. 14 adapted from (Lechner and Kelly, 1977).
During the productive infection cycle, the viral genes are expressed in two phases: the early phase, which is the period upto viral DNA replication, and the late phase, which coincides with the initiation of viral DNA replication. During the early phase only the early gene products, encoded by regions E1, E2, E3 and E4, are expressed, which carry out a number of function
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Bout Abraham
Fallaux Frits Jacobus
Hoeben Robert Cornelis
Valerio Domenico
Van der Eb Alex Jan
Campell Bruce R.
IntroGene B.V.
Nguyen Dave Trong
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