Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Preparations characterized by special physical form – Capsules
Patent
1992-01-31
1994-06-14
Nutter, Nathan M.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Preparations characterized by special physical form
Capsules
424452, 424456, A61K 948, A61K 964, E04H 1400
Patent
active
053208510
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to concrete and cement additives useful for various purposes, such as entraining air, and in particular, a packaging system therefore which allows for ease in dispensing and distributing the additives into cementitious compositions.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Admixtures are known in the art as materials used as ingredients in cementitious compositions to modify some property or properties of the cementitious compositions before, during or after the cementitious compositions have been formulated. Set retarding agents, accelerators, water reducers, superplasticizers and air-entraining agents are typical admixtures commonly used in the industry.
The successful use of admixtures depends in part upon the amount used for any given batch of cementitious mixture. Excess or insufficient amounts added to the mix may deleteriously affect the properties of the mix, and often result in considerable waste, not only of the admixture proper, but of the improperly dosed mix as well.
Conventional techniques for dispensing semi-fluid admixtures into cementitious compositions generally require extensive apparatus, which is costly, time-consuming and labor-intensive. In addition, use of such apparatus can result in spills, the generation of fumes, and may result in workers physically contracting the admixture, which can be undesirable. Most materials used as admixtures for cementitious mixtures are in aqueous, highly fluid states or in solid or powdered states. Semi-fluid admixture materials that have high viscosity at temperatures of 30.degree.-100.degree. F. are especially difficult to dispense into cementitious mixtures. One mechanism for metering such admixtures is a bulk blending station including bulk tanks, pump motors, electromagnetic meters, calibrated sight vessels, and necessary hoses.
In the case of solid or powdered admixtures, typically the dispensing involves manually introducing loose admixtures into the cementitious mixture by mass or volumetric measurement. Another device involves water-soluble containers that envelop solid or powdered material, and the containers dissolve and release their contents while being blended into the wet cementitious mixture. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,961,790 to Smith et al. discloses a device comprising a solid or powdered concrete admixture contained in a water-soluble container. When the container is introduced into a wet mixer and agitated, the water-soluble container is dissolved and the contents are thereby released into the mixer.
However, there is currently no viable packaging and dispensing technique for concrete admixtures that address the problem of dispensing admixtures that are in a semi-fluid or fluid state into cementitious mixtures without the use of extensive apparatus, or without the high probability that admixtures may spill in transit.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The problems of the prior art have been solved by the instant invention, which provides a packaging and dispensing system for semi-fluid and fluid admixtures. Specifically, the present invention is directed to an encapsulated semi-fluid or fluid admixture, the capsule of which is formed of a material which allows for the emission of the admixture into the wet cementitious mixture when added to the cementitious mixture and subjected to mechanical agitation therein. The capsule may rupture, shatter or disintegrate as a result of the mechanical agitation, exposure to the cementitious mixture, or a combination of the two, with resultant dispensing of the admixture into the cementitious system. The encapsulation material is chosen to be such that it is not deleterious to the desired characteristics of the cementitious mixture.
The present invention also contemplates a method of modifying the properties of a cementitious composition by adding thereto an encapsulated semi-fluid or fluid admixture in a predetermined amount sufficient to provide a modified cementitious composition having the desired properties upon the distribution of the admixture into the c
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Belko Stephen P.
de Mars John O.
Grogan Kevin W.
Kay Eliot
Baker William L.
Lemack Kevin S.
Nutter Nathan M.
W. R. Grace & Co.,-Conn.
Wasatonic John J.
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