Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Antigen – epitope – or other immunospecific immunoeffector – Bacterium or component thereof or substance produced by said...
Patent
1994-06-09
1996-11-19
Marx, Irene
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Antigen, epitope, or other immunospecific immunoeffector
Bacterium or component thereof or substance produced by said...
424826, 4352521, A61K 3902, C12N 112
Patent
active
055760031
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention is concerned with a novel type of gram-negative aerobic rod-shaped bacterium, a vaccine derived thereof and with the use of a novel type of Gram-negative aerobic rod-like bacterium. This bacterium has been classified as a new genus and species, and accorded the name Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale.
In the last decades, in many countries a strong rise in both the number of chicken and poultry farms, and in addition, an increasing number of animals per farm has been seen. This situation has a serious consequence: it has caused an increasing need for new and better vaccines and vaccination programmes in these countries. Nowadays, most animals are immunized against a number of diseases of viral, bacterial and parasitic origin. Examples of viral diseases in poultry are Newcastle Disease, Infectious Bronchitis, Turkey Rhinotracheitis, Herpesvirus of Turkeys, Fowlpox, Infectious Bursal Disease, etc. Examples of bacterial diseases are Coryza, Salmonella infections, Pasteurella multocida infections and E. coli infections.
A new bacterial respiratory disease has surprisingly been observed in chickens and turkeys. The disease was seen in chickens that had been vaccinated against the bacterium Haemophilus paragallinarum; the causative agent of a disease called Coryza. Coryza is, as far as known, the only respiratory disease in chicken, caused by bacteria belonging to the families of Pasteurellaceae and Neisseriaceae. The symptoms of this new disease differ from the specific symptoms of Coryza. Coryza is mainly an infection of the upper respiratory tract. Infected animals show a serous to mucoid nasal discharge, facial edema and conjunctivitis. They do however not show the clinical signs belonging to diseases of the lower respiratory tract as e.g. airsacculitis or coughing, pneumonic lungs or pleuritis. Given the fact that the newly discovered disease clearly shows the clinical signs of a lower respiratory tract infection as described below, H. paragallinarum could be ruled out as the causative agent.
The newly discovered disease is characterised by the following clinical signs in chickens: The first indication of this new disease is mild snicking. Two or tree days later a small number of broilers usually develop a mild nasal discharge and/or mild facial edema, which disappear after 2-4 days. Snicking continues until the birds are processed. Within 1-3 days from the beginning of respiratory symptoms, evidence of a reduction in feed intake can be detected. This is associated with some increased mortality mainly from broilers succumbing with pneumonic lungs and pleuritis, often with thickened thoracic airsacs. From these lesions, E. coli is the dominant isolate. Subsequent losses are mainly associated with extensive airsacculitis. Examination of live broilers at the start of the syndrome usually reveals no specific pathology. From sinuses of affected broilers a pasteurella-like organism can occasionally be isolated. After a couple of days, 30-60 % of the broilers suffer from extensive involvement of especially the abdominal and thoracic airsacs. Especially noticeable is the severe thickening of the airsac membranes. These airsacs often contain a copious amount of a creamy white-yellowish exudate. A somewhat velvety appearance of the airsac is also common. A whitish-creamy foamy exudate is often evident on the mesentery as well. Histopathology reveals a prominent exudative inflammatory process with a fibrinous exudate on the surface and within the membrane, with oedema as well. Accumulation of plasma cells and heterophils are noticeable with some multi-nuclear giant cells and granulomatous infiltrations. No specific micro-organisms are visible in sections with Ziehl-Nielsen and PAS staining. In live birds no pericarditis, perihepatitis or splenitis is usually seen. From affected airsacs Pasteurella/Neisseria-like organisms were isolated. These isolates did not seem to be classic species in the sense that they do in spite of their relatedness to Pasteurella and Neisseria, not belong to these species a
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Storm Paul K.
van Empel Paul C. M.
Akzo Nobel N.V.
Blackstone William M.
Gormley Mary E.
Marx Irene
Saucier S.
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