Chemistry: fertilizers – Processes and products – Organic material-containing
Patent
1996-02-16
1998-02-24
Lander, Ferris
Chemistry: fertilizers
Processes and products
Organic material-containing
71 23, 71 25, C05F 702
Patent
active
057207925
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This application claims benefit of the filing date of International Application PCT/DE94/00310, filed Mar. 18, 1994.
The invention concerns a high-quality, natural-like, organic, long-term fertilizer of the humus type, which has surprisingly good environmental compatibility, and a procedure to produce it by oxidative ammonolysis of technical lignin.
It is already known to transform technical lignins with ammonia as a basic component and oxidants, preferably air or oxygen-containing gas mixtures.
Fertilizers obtained in this way under pressures up to 15 MPa and at temperatures above 100.degree. C. and up to 240.degree. C. (e.g. DE-OS 17 45 632 or 28 11 235) are of a high nitrogen content. However, their fertilizing effect is low. Obviously, the chemical bonding of nitrogen in the molecule is decisive.
According to DD 235 250, the reaction mixture reacts with vivid foam formation at atmospheric pressure and temperatures up to 99.degree. C.
Nitrogen distribution to various types of bondings is purposefully influenced by DD 289 040. The content of ammonia nitrogen, with regard to the total nitrogen content, is 35%-65%. The percentage of the stronger organically bonded nitrogen amounts to 24-45%. In this context as in the following, stronger organically bonded nitrogen means the organic nitrogen content without the normally hydrolyzable amide nitrogen component. "Normal" hydrolysis was done by diluted sodium hydroxide solution under the conditions of steam distillation.
Organic fertilizers made from spent sulphite liquors by means of oxidative ammonolysis at atmospheric pressure showed an improved fertilizing effect. However, comparative tests based on the same nitrogen quantities resulted in lower yields as against urea fertilization. Depending on dosage, in case of woody plants even negative effects were observed concerning the growth.
OBJECT AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is the aim of the invention to find an organic fertilizer of considerably improved fertilizing effect made by oxidative ammonolysis of lignin.
It was found that organic fertilizer made by oxidative ammonolysis of technical lignin has a content of stronger organically bonded nitrogen of 55-85%, preferably of 65-80%, based on the total nitrogen content of the fertilizer in each case, and that it has high-quality fertilization properties.
First fertilization tests showed the following results: the fertilization effect of urea is clearly exceeded. It persists even in the following years. Nitrogen is washed out an unexpectedly lower extent than in the case of urea fertilization, an amount clearly less than 20%. The fertilizer contains organic structures occurring in natural humic substances. The cation-exchange capacity is 30-80% compared to that of humic acids. Hence, a high-quality, natural-like, long-term fertilizer of the humus type is present with a surprisingly good environmental compatibility.
The fertilizer can be applied in combination with other mineral and organic fertilizers, among them carbon carriers, such as lignite sludges or pulverized brown coal. As it is shown in the first tests, the fertilizer mainly can be used advantageously for the recultivation of great open cuts or similar barren soils.
It was found that an organic fertilizer with a relatively high content of stronger organically bonded nitrogen can be produced when the technical lignin used for oxidative ammonolysis was precipitated from waste liquors of alkaline pulp decomposition processes or from alkaline lignin extracts and lignin solutions and under alkaline conditions, preferably at a pH value of 9. In this context, under alkaline conditions means that the precipitation of lignin is finished in the alkaline phase and the mixture of precipitated lignin and the solution is an alkaline one.
Waste liquors from various pulp decomposition processes can be used. Lignin can be directly obtained by precipitation from a waste liquor of an alkaline pulp decomposition process, e.g. from a waste liquor of an organocell decomposition. However, it is possible to alkalinely s
REFERENCES:
patent: 4002457 (1977-01-01), Sears et al.
patent: 5443613 (1995-08-01), Robinson
Meier, Dietrich "Conversion of Technical Lignins Into Slow-Release Nitrogenous Fertilizers by Ammoyidation in Liquid Phase" Bioresource Technology (1994) 49(2) 121-8 (no month).
Chemistry and Industry, 16 Jun. 1973 p. 553, "Slow releasing nitrogen fertiliser from the waste product, lignin sulphonates" by Wolfang Flaig.
Fischer Klaus
Katzur Joachim
Schiene Rainer
Lander Ferris
Technische Universitaet Dresden
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