Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Inorganic active ingredient containing – Alkali or alkaline earth chloride
Patent
1991-10-25
1995-02-28
Robinson, Allen J.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Inorganic active ingredient containing
Alkali or alkaline earth chloride
424438, 424681, 424682, 424683, 424686, 424688, 424692, 424697, 424715, 424717, 426 73, 426534, 426602, 514937, 514938, 514943, 514557, 514474, A01N 5908, A01N 5906
Patent
active
053935357
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention concerns an orally administerable composition for prevention and treatment of calcium deficiency in cattle, e.g. milk fever, said composition containing as active component a readily absorbable calcium compound.
Milk fever is a disease which is particularly caused by a strong decline in the Ca content of the blood in the period immediately up to calving and at the beginning of lactation. The predominant part (about 75%) of the incidences occur during the first 24 hours after calving (M. Dantzer, Dansk Vet. Tidsskr. 1987, 70, 4 15/2, p. 148-154). The disease is normally treated by intravenous injection of calcium, in particular in the form of calcium borongluconate.
In Denmark 4-6% of first-time parturitions are complicated by milk fever, but in Sweden the figure is even higher, about 8%, cf. G. Jonsson, The Veterinary Record, (1978), 102, 165-169. However, there are considerably variations between the herds, depending upon race, yield, average age and feed composition.
Cows which have once suffered from milk fever are particularly predisposed to acquire the disease again at the time of subsequent parturitions, and the disease occurs frequently in older cows (Dantzer, op. cit.).
A preferred method, cf. G. Jonsson op. cit., to prevent milk fever is short term oral administration of readily absorbed calcium salts. The rapid absorption of calcium from a calcium chloride solution has been demonstrated by i.a. Hallgren, Wien. Tierartztl. Mschr. 52 (1965), p. 359-369, whose preliminary experiments showed a good preventive effect. However, the bitter taste and locally irritating effect of calcium chloride entail that the cows are extremely unwilling to take the solutions, which involves a risk of aspiration and consequent aspiration pneumonia, etching of lung and dead. A stomach probe was therefore used in Hallgren's experiments so that the solution was administered directly in the stomach.
It goes without saying that this method is not feasible as a general prevention without veterinary assistance.
To remedy these drawbacks, CaCl.sub.2 in the form of viscous liquids have been used for several years. Since cows cannot spit, they generally have no alternative but to swallow liquids which are so viscous that they do not run out of the mouth.
A commercially available product contains CaCl.sub.2 and MgO in a viscous solution. This product is not taken willingly by the cows and therefore involves a risk of aspiration.
The aspiration problem can be reduced additionally by mixing calcium chloride in gels on the basis of water and inert cellulose derivatives, such as hydroxyethylcellulose or ethylcellulose. The U.S. Pat. No. 3,461,203 reports experiments where water-free CaCl.sub.2 in amounts of 232, 115 and 100 were mixed with 9-10 g of hydroxyethylcellulose and water up to 450-400 ml. These gels were administered daily for 5-10 days, of which two days were post partum. The milk fever incidence was reduced by from about 50% in the control groups to about 10% in the treated groups. According to G. Jonsson, op. cit., the drawbacks of this method are the difficulty in predicting calving with sufficient accuracy, just as the farmers regard the method as very laborious, in particular because of the resistance of the cows.
In view of this Jonsson and associates shortened the gel treatment, but still administered 150 g or 100 g of water-free CaCl.sub.2 dispersed in hydroxy ethyl cellulose and water up to 450 ml leading to a reduction of the milk fever incidence from 46 to 23%.
However, Jonsson concluded that even though gel intake is relatively convenient, voluntary intake of CaCl.sub.2 would be better. Jonsson therefore disguised the bitter taste of CaCl.sub.2 in a feed supplement, but obtained no preventive effect on milk fever, which he attributes to the fact that almost all cows cease eating on the day of calving or the day before.
Dantzer, op. cit., moreover states that CaCl.sub.2 gels are acid and taken only unwillingly by the cows.
As mentioned more fully below, Jess Jorgensen et al., Dansk Vet. Tid
REFERENCES:
patent: 2198165 (1940-04-01), Hamburger
patent: 3461203 (1969-08-01), Ringarp et al.
patent: 4259323 (1981-03-01), Ranucci
patent: 4650690 (1987-03-01), Bams et al.
Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 15th edition, 1975, Easton (Pa.), Mack Publishing Company, pp. 327-331.
Jonsson, G., The Veterinary Record (1978), 102, 165-169.
Dunn Michael L.
Pak John D.
Robinson Allen J.
LandOfFree
Orally administerable calcium supplement for cattle does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Orally administerable calcium supplement for cattle, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Orally administerable calcium supplement for cattle will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-847083