Optimized process for conditioning steam-based vapor streams

Details Optimized process for conditioning steam-based vapor streams Optimized process for conditioning steam-based vapor streams

1996-10-18

1998-07-28

Therkorn, Ernest G.

Liquid purification or separation

Processes

Liquid/liquid solvent or colloidal extraction or diffusing...

210650, 55228, 55233, 95188, 95211, 95229, B01D 4700, B01D 6100

Patent

active

057858594

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention
The teaching according to the present invention addresses the problem of improving the separation of steam-based vapor streams which accumulate in various industrial processes at least partly in admixture with components of organic origin. The problem in question may be briefly defined as follows:
In the conditioning of useful materials and mixtures of useful materials of at least partly organic origin on an industrial scale, steam-based vapor streams containing more or less highly steam-volatile organic components as mixture constituents accumulate in very large quantities in various fields of application. These organic mixture constituents may be useful materials and/or pollutants which have to be recovered from the steam either to obtain useful materials or to prevent the release of impurities into the environment, particularly via the wastewater. A particular difficulty in solving this problem is that the condensation of the vapor streams laden with the organic components to form the aqueous liquid phase often leads to the formation of such stable emulsions that simple and economically viable phase separation is not possible. Solutions known from the prior art include, for example, the use in a separate process step of liquid solvents, the use of demulsification aids, the use of flocculants and/or precipitants and the like. Steam-volatile components cannot of course be removed from the corresponding condensate of the laden steam phase if the steam-volatile organic components are so highly soluble in water, even in the cooled state, that they do not form a homogeneous solution with the vapors cooled to form the liquid phase.
Steam phases laden with organic useful materials and/or pollutants accumulate in various industrial processes. Without any claim to completeness, a few characteristic examples are mentioned at this juncture: the working principles of steam distillation for separating organic mixtures and, above all, for purifying corresponding useful materials or mixtures of useful materials are established chemical knowledge, cf. for example L. Gattermann "Die Praxis des organischen Chemikers", 33rd Edition (1948), Walter De Gruyter & Co. Verlag, pages 26 to 28 and 252. On an industrial scale, this principle is applied, for example, in the purification of fats and oils of vegetable or animal origin where treatment of the prepurified material with steam is usually one of the last process steps. The relevant literature includes, for example, "Ullmanns Encyklopaidie der technischen Chemie", 4th Edition, Vol. 11 (1976), pages 479 to 486; Kirk-Othmer "Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology", 3rd Edition, Vol. 9 (1980), pages 816 to 820 and E. Bernardini "Vegetable Oils and Fats Processing" in "Oilseeds, Oils and Fats", Vol. II (1983), Interstampa-Rome, Chapter VII, pages 221 to 251 (Deodorization of Fats and Oils). The more recent literature includes D. Osteroth "Taschenbuch fur Lebensmittelchemiker und -Technologen", Vol. 2, Springer Verlag, Berlin 1991, 101 to 103. This literature reference describes in particular modern processes for deodorization and purification by steaming in the refining of fats and oils using the principle of stripping with steam in vacuo.
However, purification or rather deodorization is not only important for raw materials. Products of chemical syntheses and products of the chemical transformation of raw materials of natural origin also require such purification steps. Examples of relevant applications include the processing of fatty acids, the purification of fatty alcohols and the production of, in particular, liquid esters which can be processed to cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and foods.
Another typical, industrially significant field for the use of purification by steaming is the removal of residues based on ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide from reaction products which have been prepared by ethoxylation and/or propoxylation of organic compounds containing at least one active hydrogen atom. Compounds of this type are imp

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