Optical apparatus using a phase grating

Details Optical apparatus using a phase grating Optical apparatus using a phase grating

2003-03-05

2004-03-23

Negash, Kinfe-Michael (Department: 2633)

Optical communications

Multiplex

Wavelength division or frequency division

C398S045000, C398S048000, C398S050000, C398S056000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06711358

ABSTRACT:

BACKGROUND
This invention relates to an optical free space interconnect for ultra-high speed single instruction multiple data processors.
As the geometries of VLSI grow smaller and denser electronic interconnects and heat dissipation have been recognized as bottlenecks of advanced electronic computing systems. F. E. Kiamilev and et al., PERFORMANCE COMPARISON BETWEEN OPTOELECTRONIC AND VLSI MULTISTAGE INTERCONNECTION NETWORKS, J. Lightwave Tech., vol. 9, pp. 1674-1692, 1991. M. R. Feldman, S. C. Esener, C. C. Guest, and S. H. Lee, COMPARISON BETWEEN OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC INTERCONNECTS BASED ON POWER AND SPEED CONSIDERATIONS, Appl, Opt., vol. 27, pp. 1742-1751, 1988.
Furthermore, as systems are operated at higher and higher speeds, the latency induced by electronic connections becomes a limiting factor. Although some new techniques, such as three dimensional multi-chip modules, have been developed to provide short connection distances and less latency, the basic limitation of the pin-out problem in electronic connections cannot be fully removed. L. D. Hutchson and P. Haugen, OPTICAL INTERCONNECTS REPLACE HARDWIRE, IEEE Spectrum., pp. 30-35, 1987.
Optical interconnections, because of their three-dimensional (3-D) processing capabilities and matched impedance characteristic, have been considered as the best alternative to electronic interconnections. Optical implementations of chip-to-chip and backplane-to-backplane interconnections have been reported. See, e.g. J. W. Goodman, OPTICAL INTERCONNECTIONS FOR VLSI SYSTEMS, Proc. IEEE, vol. 72, p. 850, 1984. Optical 3-D multi-stage interconnection networks have been investigated and realized. A. A. Sawchuk Proc. SPIE, vol. 813, p. 547, 1987. Recently, a new free space optical interconnect based on ring topologies was proposed by Y. Li, B. Ha, T. W. Wang, A. Katz, X. J. Lu, and E. Kanterakis Appl, Opt., vol. 31, p. 5548, 1992.
Arranging the input array on a ring, this novel architecture is capable of interconnecting many processors with identical latency and minimal complexity, and cost. This architecture is best suitable for the implementation of Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) stream machines. Most topologies developed for rectangular array, such as Nearest Neighbor (NN), Plus Minus 2I (PM2I), and Hypercube can be implemented using this ring is topology. A simplified architecture of the ring topology architecture is depicted in FIG.
1
. The optical interconnect has an input ring array
42
and an output ring array
45
. The optical interconnect uses a first plurality of beamsplitters
23
,
24
,
25
,
26
, connected to the input ring array
42
. The first plurality of beamsplitters
23
,
24
,
25
,
26
is connected through a plurality of optical switches
27
,
28
,
29
,
30
, a plurality of dove prisms
56
,
57
,
58
,
59
to a second plurality of beamsplitters
61
,
62
,
63
,
64
. A multiple channel system is used to perform a certain interconnection, i.e. a set of permutations. The number of channels depends on the topology to be realized. For example, to realize the NN type of interconnect shown in
FIG. 2
, a four channel system is needed.
SUMMARY
An optical apparatus comprises a phase grating, an input-ring array, an output-ring array and an optical interconnect. The phase grating produces a modulated light beam for each of a plurality of processing elements. The modulated light beams have a plurality of light wavelengths. An input-ring array receives the plurality of data modulated light beams. An output-ring array outputs a light beam to each processing element. An optical interconnect transfers light from the input-ring array to the output ring array and uniquely rotates each wavelength of the transferred light.


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F.E. Kiamiley et al., “Performance Comparison Between Optoelectronic and VLSI Multistage Interconnection Networks”, J. Lightwave Tech., vol. 9, No. 12 (Dec. 1991) pp. 1674-1692.
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A.A. Sawchuk Proc. SPIE, vol. 813, p. 547, 1987.

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