Gas separation: processes – Liquid contacting – And degasification of a liquid
Reexamination Certificate
1999-06-28
2001-06-19
Simmons, David A. (Department: 1724)
Gas separation: processes
Liquid contacting
And degasification of a liquid
C095S172000, C095S177000, C096S323000, C096S355000, C417S151000, C417S196000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06248154
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention pertains to the field of jet technology, primarily to pumping-ejection vacuum-producing apparatuses intended for the vacuum rectification of liquid products, for example, fuel oil. The invention can be used for the distillation of an oil stock.
An operational process of a jet apparatus, which includes feeding of an active medium into a vacuum ejector and evacuation of a gaseous medium from a rectifying column, and a jet apparatus for producing a vacuum while distilling oil which has a vacuum rectifying column and a steam ejector producing a reduced pressure in the column, are known (see U.S. Pat. No. 2028340, class 196-77, 1936).
During operation of the apparatus implementing the introduced process, the evacuated vapours of a liquid product mix with the motive steam. As a result, special purification of condensate of the water steam is required before its discharge into a sewerage system. The purification is quite expensive.
The starting point for this invention is an operational process of a pumpingejection system, which includes delivery of a motive liquid medium from a separator to a pump, feeding of the motive liquid under pressure into a nozzle of a liquid-gas jet apparatus by the pump, forming a flow of the motive liquid in the nozzle and further discharge of this flow from the nozzle, evacuation of a gaseous medium by the liquid flow and forming of a gas-liquid mixture in the jet apparatus (see the USSR certificate of authorship, 559098, MPK 6 F 04 F 5/04, 1977). The same certificate of authorship introduces also a device for realization of this operational process, which has a liquid-gas jet apparatus, a separator and a pump. The discharge side of the pump is connected to the active nozzle of jet apparatus, separator is connected to the pump's suction side, the gas inlet of the jet apparatus is connected to a source of evacuated gaseous medium.
These operational processes and related systems provide evacuation of a vapour-gas medium, for example from a rectifying column by a liquid-gas jet apparatus using a liquid as the motive medium. The application of such devices considerably reduces the emission of ecologically harmful substances into the environment.
But these operational processes and related systems do not ensure effective transformation of kinetic energy of a gas-liquid flow into potential energy of pressure, and therefore the gas-liquid flow enters a separator at a high velocity with a rather low degree of compression of the flow's gaseous component. As a result, optimal conditions for effective separation of the gas-liquid flow into the compressed gas and motive liquid medium cannot be achieved in the separator, plus the separator should include additional constructional elements for decelerating the flow and for reducing foaming.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The objectives of this invention are to improve the operational process and to increase the operating effectiveness of the system implementing this process by providing conditions for more effective use of kinetic energy of a gas-liquid flow resulting in an increased compression of the gaseous component of the flow and in a reduced speed of the flow at the inlet of the system's separator.
This problem is solved as follows: an operational process of a pumping-ejector system, which includes delivery of a motive liquid medium from a separator to a pump, feeding of the motive liquid medium into the nozzle of a liquid-gas jet apparatus by the pump, forming of a flow of the motive liquid in the nozzle and further discharge of this flow from the nozzle, evacuation of a gaseous medium by the liquid jet and forming of a gas-liquid mixture in the jet apparatus, is modified so that the gas-liquid mixture from the jet apparatus is fed into a jet converter, where the gas-liquid flow at first undergoes expansion and thus is converted into a supersonic gas-liquid flow, and then this supersonic gas-liquid flow is decelerated in a shaped flow-through section of the converter. The flow deceleration is accompanied by the occurrence of a pressure jump and the partial transformation of kinetic energy of the gas-liquid flow into potential energy of pressure. The gas-liquid flow from the shaped flow-through section of the converter is fed into the separator, where the flow is separated into compressed gas and motive liquid.
As regards to an apparatus for embodiment of the above-mentioned operational process, the mentioned technical problem is solved as follows: a pumping-ejection system, which has a liquid-gas jet apparatus, a separator and a pump, and wherein the discharge side of the pump is connected to the active nozzle of the jet apparatus, the separator is connected to the pump's suction side and the gas inlet of the jet apparatus is connected to a source of evacuated gaseous medium, is furnished with a jet converter. The jet converter includes an expansion chamber and a shaped flow-through section. An inlet of the converter's expansion chamber is connected to the outlet of the liquid-gas jet apparatus, and an outlet of the shaped flow-through section of the converter is connected to the separator.
The shaped flow-through section of the jet converter can be in the form of a channel shaped first convergent—then divergent or as a cylinder. The surface area of the cross-section of the throat of the shaped flow-through section of the converter represents from about 1.1 to about 200 times that of the surface area of the outlet cross-section of the jet apparatus' mixing chamber or the surface area of the outlet cross-section of the apparatus' diffuser (if the jet apparatus comprises a diffuser). In case the jet apparatus is a multi-nozzle jet apparatus and each of its nozzles has its own mixing chamber or a mixing chamber with a diffuser, the surface area of the outlet cross-section of the mixing chamber or diffuser as mentioned above is to be understood as the total surface area of the outlet cross-sections of all of the mixing chambers or the total surface area of the outlet cross-sections of all of the diffusers.
Research has shown, that the degree of compression of the gaseous component of a gas-liquid mixture formed in a liquid-gas jet apparatus can be considerably increased if one can secure more effective conversion of kinetic energy of the gas-liquid flow into potential energy of pressure. It was discovered that more effective energy transformation is ensured if the system is furnished with a jet converter installed at the outlet of the jet apparatus, and if this converter is able to provide a supersonic mode of the gas-liquid flow with subsequent deceleration of the flow being accompanied by a pressure jump. As known, sound speed in a gas-liquid flow is often much lower, than sound speed in a one-phase liquid or gaseous medium. It was discovered that by matching (comparatively relating) the shape of the flow-through channel after the jet apparatus, and more precisely by matching the shape of the expansion chamber of the jet converter, it is possible to achieve conditions under which a pre-sonic gas-liquid flow is converted into a supersonic flow. Then, by matching the shape of the flow-through section of the converter following the expansion chamber, it is possible to decelerate the supersonic flow and to effect a pressure jump significantly reducing the speed of the gas-liquid flow. It was also discovered, that such a pressure jump can be effected in both a first convergent then divergent and in cylindrical canals. As discussed above, it was discovered that such processes can be effected most effectively in the jet converter if the ratio of the characteristic dimension of the jet apparatus to the characteristic dimension of the jet converter is within an optimal range. This ratio of characteristic dimensions is the ratio of the surface area of the cross-section of the throat of the converter's shaped flow-through section to the surface area of the cross-section of the outlet of the jet apparatus' diffuser. If the jet apparatu
Oathout Mark A.
Petroukhine Evgueni
Prince Fred
Simmons David A.
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