Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Process of utilizing an enzyme or micro-organism to destroy... – Destruction of hazardous or toxic waste
Patent
1995-05-08
1997-04-08
Pratt, Helen
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Process of utilizing an enzyme or micro-organism to destroy...
Destruction of hazardous or toxic waste
71 11, 71 15, 562514, 562553, 530402, 530841, 530857, 426574, 426641, 426643, 426646, 426656, 426657, C07C20902
Patent
active
056187254
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a novel additive for use in bigdegradation processes, and to its application in the treatment of media polluted by hydrocarbons, by accelerating natural bigdegradation.
Numerous processes exist using microorganism cultures grown under controlled conditions (in reaction vessels for example) for subsequent use on the medium to be treated. Such processes are however ineffective when there is a requirement to operate in an outside environment. Problems are observed relating to the microorganisms becoming diluted in the natural medium, together with problems of competition with indigenous microorganisms which are much better adapted to the relevant medium. There is thus a trend towards the solution consisting in stimulating indigenous microorganisms by supplying them with elements of nutrition necessary to their development and which constitute a limiting factor in the natural medium.
Additionally, nutritional additives have been proposed for addition to the medium to be treated. Such additives can be fertilizers of the type employed in agriculture, or synthetic proteinaceous products, or yet again bacterial lyophilisates with the nutrient. These products satisfy the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous requirements of the bacteria. The particular requirements of microorganisms for nitrogen and phosphorous correspond to an N/P molar ratio which can vary over a large range without substantial alteration in effectiveness. Apart from nitrogen and phosphorous, these additives include assimilable carbon. Such assimilable carbon is contained in hydrocarbon molecules the chain of which is similar to an aliphatic chain encountered in the hydrocarbons. Moreover, these products act as a starter, in other words they favor the very beginning of the reaction.
Availability of nutrients is also a significant problem as this determines hydrocarbon degradation kinetics. In order to speed things up, various solutions have been proposed, consisting in mixing the nutrients with various additives and forming suspensions, and particularly, emulsions. French patent 2,490,672 discloses microemulsions in which the nutrient substances are in aqueous solution which is put in microemulsion form in a lipid-miscible fluid. However, this technique implies a microemulsion-forming step and requires the presence of additives such as surfactants and others, which are expensive. French patent 2,512,057 discloses an improvement to the solution proposed to the above-cited patent, which consists in providing the source of nitrogen in a dual-system form comprising two different chemical sorts of nitrogen compounds. A preferred system is a system consisting of urea and aminated acids. Moreover, this patent teaches that aminated acids alone are not as effective as the dual system. This dual system is nevertheless a microemulsion and suffers from the same disadvantages as all (micro)emulsions.
However, there are problems over toxicity with such synthetic additives, due to the presence of derivatives such as for example, butoxyethanol, and other similar products.
Thus, one looks for natural products to use as additives; but now the problem is that these products do not contain carbon in a form which is close to an aliphatic group of the type which is present in the hydrocarbons and, because of this, are not able to set up the desired starter effect. Moreover, one looks for additives which can be employed without the need for producing a (micro)emulsion or for expensive additives.
The use of meal of animal origin is further known, this being used as a nutrient for microorganisms, the latter being in aqueous solution or suspension.
Biosis Previews Databank, Philadelphia, Biosis Number 83042449, G.A. Kochkina et al.: "Development of a Nutrient Medium for Cultivating Ntomophthora-Thaxteriana"& Biotekhnologiya, vol. 4, 1986, pages 46-51, discloses the use of fish meal as a nutrient for microorganism culture, for example Entomophthora-Thaxteriana fungi.
Biosis Previews Databank, Philadelphia, Biosis Number 70050436, M. Rusan et al.
REFERENCES:
patent: 3880824 (1975-04-01), Rao et al.
patent: 3952115 (1976-04-01), Damico et al.
patent: 4925802 (1990-05-01), Nelson et al.
patent: 4975106 (1990-10-01), Ferguson
patent: 5484729 (1996-01-01), Deweerd et al.
Biosis No. 83042449, G.A. Kochkina et al "Development Of A Medium for Cultivating Entomophthora-Thaxteriana" & Biotekhnologiya, vol. 4, 1986, pp. 46-51.
Biosis #70043472, O. Yagi et al "Degradation of Poly Chlorinated Bi Phenyls by Microorganisms" & J Water Pollut Control Fed 52, vol. 5, 1980,pp. 1035-1043.
Biosis No. 70050436, M. Rusan et al "Influence of Animal Proteins on the Fermentation of Antibiotics" & Bol Col Broteriana 52, vol. 0, 1978, pp. 29-36.
Basseres Anne
Eyraud Patrick
Ladousse Alain
Elf Aquitaine
Pratt Helen
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