Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Topical sun or radiation screening – or tanning preparations
Reexamination Certificate
1999-03-08
2002-01-29
Naff, David M. (Department: 1651)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Topical sun or radiation screening, or tanning preparations
C424S400000, C424S725000, C424S070220
Reexamination Certificate
active
06342208
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to an oil-in-water emulsion, especially for use on mammalian skin, in particular on human skin, or hair in order to cleanse the skin or hair, remove dirt, etc., and/or to preserve or improve the condition of the skin, and/or to prevent or treat various skin conditions such as, e.g., dry skin, irritated skin or otherwise traumatized skin. Upon application on a skin surface and following rinsing or flushing the skin surface with a liquid, the oil-in-water emulsion separates into at least two distinct phases and leaves a protective layer on the skin comprising at least a part of the oily phase.
An oil-in-water emulsion according to the invention also has useful properties with respect to protection of the skin against sun light and with respect to combatting attack from parasites like lice, fleas and scabies on mammals such as humans, domestic animals and pets. Thus, in other aspects of the invention it relates to a method for combatting attack from such parasites by administering an effective amount of an oil-in-water emulsion.
In other aspects the invention relates to a method for cleansing, conditioning or treating the skin by application of an oil-in-water emulsion. Furthermore, the invention relates to a skin-friendly lipid, namely Meadowfoam seed oil, as a therapeutic agent, and as an agent which in itself in synergistic effect with other constituents is effective against mammalian parasites, especially from the phylum Arthropoda, and as an agent which is effective as a sun screen or a UV-A, UV-B or UV-C filter.
2. Description of Related Art
In many industrial activities and during household chores, it is necessary for people to expose their skin, and especially their hands and arms, to environments wherein their skin especially on arms and/or hands may become soiled, stained or injured by mechanical or chemical exposure, or the like. Furthermore, many industrial activities and household chores require a high hygienic standard, particularly in the food and medicinal industries and in hospitals.
A high hygienic standard comprises a very frequent exposure of human skin to cleansing involving various kinds of soaps and other chemicals in order to disinfect the skin and/or to remove soil and unwanted microorganisms, especially pathogenic microorganisms, from the skin surface.
The skin may be cleansed with detergents, solvents or abrasives, singly or in combination. Among the detergents, soaps have enjoyed the greatest official status. The non-soap detergents have become important, not only as household cleansers but also in industry and in dermatologic and surgical practice as well.
Most persons who frequently wash and clean their skin, especially on their hands, very often develop a dry skin surface and, furthermore, the skin becomes irritated and rough, most likely because the barrier function of the skin is negatively affected by the compositions used for cleansing and washing the skin.
Despite of many years of research within the personal cleansing field, the majority of the consumers finds that the present day cleansing compositions still need improvement with respect to a gentle and mild cleansing of the skin. Thus, the consumers normally find it necessary to apply a separate lotion or creme to the skin after using a cleansing product (industrial use as well as general use in the household in the form of e.g. shower or bath preparations) in order to counteract the delipidizing and demoisturizing effect of the cleanser.
Such lotions or cremes are generally in the form of emulsions such as a an oil-in-water emulsion, i.e. with a content of tensides, surfactants or emulsifiers in order to avoid leaving a greasy feeling upon application onto the skin and thereby improve user acceptance. The lotions or cremes are rubbed into the skin leaving the ingredients, including the tensides, surfactants or emulsifiers, as a deposit on the surface of the skin. However, tensides, surfactants and/or emulsifying agents are generally believed to be irritative to the skin which in turn means that it would be highly desirable to avoid a deposit of such agents on the skin surface after application of a topical composition (such as, e.g., a cleansing composition, a lotion, a creme, etc.). A tenside deposited on the skin is believed to partly dissolve the lipids within the skin; the lipids will then be removed from the skin e.g. by washing or sweating often resulting in the development of dry skin.
In general, cleansing compositions in the form of oil-in-water emulsions are preferred because they have a non-greasy and clean feel. However, a problem with the present day cleansing compositions is that effective personal cleansing compositions are difficult to formulate as an oil-in-water emulsion due to the fact that a surfactant/emulsifier is incorporated in the oil-in-water emulsion for storage stability reasons (i.e. to avoid phase separation during storage). The requirement of having a good storage stability is, however, a drawback with regard to the cleansing ability of the emulsion if the oil phase is held too tightly to the aqueous phase and therefore does not become available during the cleansing process. Furthermore, surfactants/emulsifiers which are added to the emulsion due to their cleansing abilities can also reduce the cleansing effect of the emulsion because the surfactant/emulsifier retains its effect as an emulsifier and thereby renders both the cleansing active surfactant/emulsifier and the oil phase less available for cleansing.
Furthermore, with a view to the environment, there is a growing demand for a general use of ingredients which are friendly to the environment, i.e. ingredients which can be degraded or decomposed by nature or otherwise degraded into harmless substances.
International patent application published under No. WO 96/32092 (The Procter & Gamble Company) on Oct. 17, 1996, i.e. after the priority date of the present application, relates to personal cleansing compositions comprising acrylic salts or derivatives of acrylic acid.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,382,381 (Imperante et al.) relates to emulsions comprising silicone bases phosphate esters.
International patent application published under No. 95/17163 (Colgate-Palmolive Company) relates to a skin cleansing composition comprising a combination of a high-foaming and a mild-foaming substance.
European patent application published under No. 0 111 895 (Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien) relates to a skin conditioning composition in the form of an emulsion. The oily component contains as mandatory constituents paraffin oil or silicon oil or a mixture thereof.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
As will be apparent from the above, there is a need for the development of improved cosmetically acceptable compositions which can be used for cleansing a skin surface. The present invention relates to such improved cosmetically acceptable compositions which can be used for cleansing a skin surface, especially a human skin surface, and which contain ingredients which are safe for the environment, i.e. ingredients which in sewage disposal plants are decomposed into substantially harmless substances, and which have a protective effect on the skin (e.g. against irritation and drying), and which have an emollient effect, and which have excellent cosmetic and physical stability, and which are capable of leaving at least a part of the oil phase on the skin upon cleansing or washing the skin surface with the composition and rinsing or flushing the skin surface with a suitable liquid; the part of the oil phase remaining on the skin surface after use of the composition imparts conditioning, smoothing and emollient properties to the skin and, thus, reduces the tendency to develop dry, irritated or otherwise traumatized skin.
As it is discussed in detail below the skin-friendly effect of a composition according to the present invention is so advantageous that in many cases cleansing of the skin need not be followed by application of a moisturizing or otherwise skin conditionin
Hyldgaard Jorgen
Jensen Anette Severin
Larsen Jimmi
Corless Peter F.
Edwards & Angell LLP
Meller Mike
Naff David M.
O'Day Christine C.
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