Oil-in-oil and three-phase emulsions

Details Oil-in-oil and three-phase emulsions Oil-in-oil and three-phase emulsions

1999-07-12

2001-05-29

Page, Thurman K. (Department: 1615)

Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

Live hair or scalp treating compositions

Polymer containing

C424S070110, C424S401000, C424S078020, C424S065000, C524S861000, C524S862000, C528S015000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06238657

ABSTRACT:

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
Not applicable.
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
Not applicable.
REFERENCE TO A MICROFICHE APPENDIX
Not applicable.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention is directed to oil-in-oil (O/O) emulsions and to certain three-phase emulsions prepared with an emulsifier which is an elastomeric polyorganosiloxane containing four different types of difunctional “D” units R
2
SiO
2/2
. The elastomeric polyorganosiloxane is a polymer with (i) dimethyl, (ii) higher alkyl, (iii) polyether, and (iv) crosslinking groups.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Emulsions are disperse systems consisting of two or more mutually insoluble or sparingly soluble liquids. The liquid usually present in excess is termed the continuous or external phase, while the liquid dispersed in it is termed the dispersed or internal phase.
If the external phase consists of water, and the internal phase consists of an organic liquid, i.e., mineral oil, the term oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion is used. If water is finely dispersed in a nonaqueous liquid, a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion is produced. If two nonaqueous liquids are emulsified in each other, the term oil-in-oil (O/O) emulsion is used.
The term three-phase emulsion is used herein to describe a system of three mutually insoluble liquids which are emulsified simultaneously. Technically, it is not what is commonly referred to as a multiple emulsion, in which only two mutually insoluble liquids are present. For example, in the three-phase emulsion of the present invention, an organic oil and water are emulsified into a silicone oil continuous phase, although all three of the liquids are otherwise mutually insoluble one in the other.
While O/W and W/O emulsions containing a silicone oil are common, O/O emulsions in which at least one of the phases is a silicone oil are quite rare. Reference may be had, for example, to the
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,
Volume 195, Pages 101-113, Article No. CS975158, Jan. 1, 1997, which describes certain paraffin oil-in-silicone oil O/O emulsions, as well as certain silicone oil-in-paraffin oil O/O emulsions.
Quite unexpectedly, it has now been found that one skilled in the art is enabled to readily prepare silicone oil containing O/O emulsions, as well as three-phase emulsions, using as the emulsifier, an elastomeric silicone polymer according to the present invention. While the elastomeric silicone polymer contains polyether groups which are characteristic of many organic emulsifiers, it is also a three-dimensional molecular polymeric network consisting of tens, hundreds, and even thousands of crosslinking units between and among its polymeric molecules, and therefore one would not normally expected it to function as an emulsifier in a nonaqueous system such as an O/O emulsion. It is also unexpected that a single emulsifier could be used to form both O/O emulsions and three-phase emulsions.
In comparison to silicone polyether emulsifiers, i.e., glycol modified siloxanes, which are not crosslinked molecules, an additional unexpected benefit of using a crosslinked elastomeric silicone polymer as emulsifier for three-phase emulsions, is that it is capable of thickening the external silicone oil phase of the emulsion. This eliminates the need of separate thickening agents in order to achieve the desired viscosity of the final emulsion. It also eliminates the need of using high internal phases, i.e., where the amount of internal phase exceeds the amount of external phase, to achieve the same result as in WO 97/17938 (May 22, 1997), for example.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention, therefore, relates to a nonaqueous oil-in-oil emulsion containing a silicone oil as one phase of the emulsion, and an organic oil as the other phase of the emulsion.
The emulsifier used to form the O/O emulsion is an elastomeric silicone polymer prepared by combining and reacting (A) an ≡Si—H containing polysiloxane, (B) a mono-alkenyl polyether, (C) an &agr;-olefin containing at least ten carbon atoms, (D) an &agr;,&ohgr;-unsaturated hydrocarbon such as an &agr;,&ohgr;-diene, &agr;,&ohgr;-diyne, or an &agr;,&ohgr;-ene-yne, in the presence of (E) an oil, and (F) a platinum catalyst, until a silicone elastomer is formed by crosslinking and addition of ≡SiH across double or triple bonds in the &agr;,&ohgr;-unsaturated hydrocarbon. The reaction is allowed to continue until there is formed a crosslinked three-dimensional gelled network of the elastomeric silicone polymer containing or swollen by oil (E).
The invention also relates to certain three-phase aqueous emulsions prepared from such O/O emulsions. These O/O and three-phase emulsions may additionally contain other oil-soluble as well as water-soluble active ingredients in a respective one of the oil or water phases.
These and other features of the invention will become apparent from a consideration of the detailed description.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING
Not applicable.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The elastomeric silicone polymer used to prepare the O/O emulsions and the three-phase emulsions of this invention, and its method of preparation, are described in detail in copending application U.S. Ser. No. 09/299,864, filed on Apr. 28, 1999, entitled “Elastomeric Silicone Terpolymer”. The copending application is assigned to the same assignee as the present application.
One preferred method for preparing the polymer as described in the copending application is illustrated below, although the polymer can be prepared by other methods using other sequences of steps:
Step 1: Incorporation of the Polyether
≡SiH siloxane+mono-alkenyl polyether+Pt catalyst→≡SiH siloxane with polyether groups
Step 2: Incorporation of the &agr;-Olefin
Step 3: Gelation
≡SiH siloxane with polyether and higher alkyl groups+≡SiH siloxane (optional)+&agr;,&ohgr;-unsaturated hydrocarbon+oil(s)+Pt catalyst→gel/elastomer containing the oil(s)
Step 4: Shearing & Swelling—Optional
gel/elastomer+oil(s)+active ingredient→paste
An O/O emulsion and a three-phase emulsion according to the present invention can then be prepared as shown below:
Step 5: Emulsification/Preparation of O/O Emulsion
silicone gel/elastomer/paste+oil(s)+active ingredient+shear→O/O Emulsion
Step 6: Preparation of a Three-Phase Emulsion
O/O Emulsion+H
2
O+shear→Three-Phase Emulsion
The ≡Si—H siloxane is represented by compounds of the formula R
3
SiO(R′
2
SiO)
a
(R″HSiO)
b
SiR
3
, compounds of the formula HR
2
SiO(R′
2
SiO)
c
SiR
2
H, or compounds of the formula HR
2
SiO(R′
2
SiO)
a
(R″HSiO)
b
SiR
2
H. Mixtures of these types of compounds can also be employed. In the three formulas, R, R′, and R″, are alkyl groups with 1-6 carbon atoms; a is 0-250; b is 1-250; and c is 0-250.
The ≡Si—H containing polysiloxane can also comprise an alkylhydrogen cyclosiloxane or an alkylhydrogen-dialkyl cyclosiloxane copolymer, represented in general by the formula (R′
2
SiO)
a′
(R″HSiO)
b′
, where R′ and R″ are as defined above, and where a′ is 0-7 and b′ is 3-10. Some representative compounds of these types are (OSiMeH)
4
, (OSiMeH)
3
(OSiMeC
6
H
13
)
3
, (OSiMeH)
2
(OSiMeC
6
H
13
)
2
, and (OSiMeH)(OSiMeC
6
H
13
)
3
, where Me represents methyl.
The most preferred &agr;,&ohgr;-unsaturated hydrocarbon is an &agr;,&ohgr;-diene of the formula CH
2
═CH(CH
2
)
d
CH═CH
2
where d is 1-20. Some representative examples of suitable &agr;,&ohgr;-dienes are 1,4-pentadiene; 1,5-hexadiene; 1,6-heptadiene; 1,7-octadiene; 1,8-nonadiene; 1,9-decadiene; 1,11-dodecadiene; 1,13-tetradecadiene; and 1,19-eicosadiene.
Other &agr;,&ohgr;-unsaturated hydrocarbons can also be used such as &agr;,&ohgr;-diynes of the formula CH≡C(CH
2
)
e
C≡CH; or &agr;,&ohgr;-ene-ynes of the formula CH
2
═CH(CH
2
)
e
C≡CH where e is 0-20. Some representative examp

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