Multiplex communications – Generalized orthogonal or special mathematical techniques
Reexamination Certificate
1997-03-19
2001-08-28
Cheng, Joe H. (Department: 3713)
Multiplex communications
Generalized orthogonal or special mathematical techniques
C370S482000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06282167
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The field of the invention is signal transmission using simultaneously several orthogonal (or quasi-orthogonal) carrier frequencies, each coded by distinct data elements.
These signals are generally called OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex) signals. This type of OFDM signal is used for example in the digital broadcasting system described particularly in French patent FR-86 096322 filed on Jul. 2, 1986, and in the document entitled “Principes de modulation et de codage canal en radio diffusion numeric vers les mobiles” (Principles of channel modulation and coding in digital radio broadcasting to mobiles) (by M. Alard and R. Lassalle; U.E.R. review No. 224, August 1987, pp. 168-190) and known under the name of the COFDM (Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex) system.
This COFDM system was developed largely as part of the European DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting) project. It is digital. More generally, it enables the transmission of any type of digital or analog signal (sampled but not necessarily quantified).
Special demodulators must be used to demodulate these digital signals with frequency multiplexing. For example, this type of demodulator is described in the above mentioned patent document FR-86 09622.
It is known that one essential element of a multicarrier signal receiver is the demodulation circuit which extracts raw information carried by each carrier taken separately, from the received signal (the multiplex of orthogonal carriers).
Conventionally, this circuit carries out mathematical transform the signal, and for example a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). Many other transforms may be used. However, this type of circuit will be referred to as a DFT circuit in the following, for non-restrictive simplification purposes.
The complexity of this type of circuit is proportional firstly to the number of frequencies transmitted simultaneously (frequency dimension), and secondly to the duration T
s
of transmitted symbols (time dimension). This DFT circuit is a complex and therefore expensive element. Therefore, it is essential that this circuit should be simplified, particularly for low cost receivers.
According to known techniques, the time dimension is limited by reducing the symbol time T
s
and/or the guard interval &Dgr; inserted between two consecutive symbols. This limits the number of data processed by the DFT, obviously to the detriment of the received signal quality. As the symbol time increases, the channel selectivity effect is lower, and for a given guard interval sufficient to limit the Inter Symbol Interference to a previously chosen value, the transmitted throughput increases with the length of the symbol time.
In other words, the choice of the DFT size is always a compromise between the received signal quality and the cost price of this DFT.
It is impossible to vary the frequency dimension using known techniques. The DFT must systematically take account of all N carriers forming the transmitted multiplex, even if the information searched by the receiver is distributed only on some of the carrier frequencies.
Conventionally, a transmitted OFDM signal can carry several independent signals. For example in the case of television signals, four distinct signals could be transmitted at 6 Mbit/s on one OFDM signal occupying an 8 MHz band (with a spectral efficiency of 4 bits/s/Hz). Although it would be desirable to recover a single source signal, it is necessary to take account of all carriers at the input to the DFT, which induces complex and partially unnecessary calculations.
Furthermore, in general it is better to use the maximum number of carrier frequencies, particularly to increase the duration of symbols transmitted as described previously.
Once again, we need to find a compromise between the number of carriers and the complexity of the demodulation circuit.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention has notably the objective of overcoming these drawbacks in state of the art techniques.
More precisely, a purpose of the invention is to provide a technique that reduces processing to be done in receivers without any loss of signal quality, in other words particularly without it being necessary to reduce the symbol time.
Another purpose of the invention is to provide this type of technique without inducing excessive constraints on the transmission, and particularly in which it is not necessary to widen the frequency band used.
Another purpose of the invention is to provide this type of technique in order to define several receiver quality levels.
These objectives, and others that will become apparent later, are achieved according to the invention by a signal to be transmitted to several receivers, of the type comprising at least two source signals and composed of several substantially orthogonal carrier frequencies modulated independently and distributed on a determined frequency band; said frequency band being organized down into at least two frequency subbands each comprising a set of said substantially orthogonal carrier frequencies, and in which one of said source signals is assigned to each of said subbands, so that a receiver can extract at least one of said subbands from the transmitted signal by filtering, and can carry out demodulation processing solely on carrier frequencies contained in the extracted subbands.
Subbands refer to carrier subassemblies that are not necessarily separate (one carrier may belong to several subbands), or contiguous (two carriers in one subband may be separated by one or several carriers that do not belong to this subband). Some source signals could also be “empty”, in other words associated with non-transmitted carriers.
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patent: 4884139 (1989-11-01), Pommier
patent: 5228025 (1993-07-01), Le Floch et al.
patent: 5235647 (1993-08-01), Van De Kerkhof
patent: 5282222 (1994-01-01), Fattouche et al.
patent: 5345439 (1994-09-01), Marston
patent: 5491773 (1996-02-01), Veldhuis et al.
patent: 0 589 709 A2 (1994-03-01), None
patent: 0 589 709 A3 (1994-03-01), None
Robert W. Chang, Synthesis of Band-Limited Orthogonal Signals for Multichannel Data Transmission, Bell System Technical Journal, vol. 45, No. 10, Dec. 1966, New York US, pp. 1775-1796.
Enrico Del Re, Romanio Fantacci, Digital Multicarrier Demodulator for Regenerative Communication Satellites, Alta Frequenza, vol. LVII, No. 10, Dec. 1988, Milano, IT, pp. 545-559.
Paul G.M. de Bot et al., An Example of a Multi-Resolution Digital Terrestrial TV Modem, IEEE International Conference on Communications 1993, May 23, 1993, Geneva, CH, pp. 1785-1790.
Le Floch Bernard
Michon Vincent
Riviere Marc
Sueur Bertrand
Cheng Joe H.
France Telecom
Kinney & Lange , P.A.
Nguyen Kim T.
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