Odor reducing compositions

Details Odor reducing compositions Odor reducing compositions

1999-05-14

2001-09-04

Dodson, Shelley A. (Department: 1616)

Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

Deodorants

C424S076200, C424S075000, C424S076400, C424S076600, C424S076800

Reexamination Certificate

active

06284232

ABSTRACT:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to novel zeolite/imide compositions and the method of use thereof for the reduction of odors.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Odor control has been a significant problem for which there are very few solutions. Ammonia and amines are by far the most objectionable odor. Their volatility makes them quite noticeable when even small amounts are released.
Odor control is of particular interest in the area of human and animal waste disposal. Generally, disposal of waste product from small animals and pets is accomplished by the use of animal litter capable of absorbing waste products. However, conventional litter materials fail to adequately suppress odors.
Odor control is also of interest for products such as foods, clothing, personal care products, foul-smell lagoons, holding tanks and industrial wastes.
Zeolites and imides have been used for odor control. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,013,335 discloses the use of zeolites for control of ammonia odor.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,776,118 and 3,898,324 teaches inhibiting the formation of odors from poultry farms. These patents disclose the use of a dried fine powder of zeolite with a course powder of crystalline ferrous sulfate hepta-hydrate as a stabilizer. The deodorizing agent disclosed in these patents is the sulfate hepta-hydrate.
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,256,728, zeolites are disclosed for use in a deodorization method. In this patent, however, the zeolite acts as a support for an acid, such acid serving as the deodorization agent.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,059,545 discloses the use of clinoptilolite in the ammonia exchanged form and treated with a dilute solution of a strong acid to act as an absorbent for acid gases.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,437,429 discloses the reduction of ammonia odor from animal litter containing clay by the addition an effective amount of hydrated zeolite. No appreciable odor from wastes was obtained when 10-60% of the total clay/zeolite litter was zeolite.
In U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,833,972 and 5,869,027 the use of an imide for controlling an odor is disclosed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It has now been discovered that the combination of zeolite and an imide acts synergistically to provide superior control of odors when compared to the use of either ingredient alone. Zeolite/imide compositions in accordance with the invention are especially effective against odor causing amines and ammonia. In addition, the novel compositions of the invention are effective to control odors not known to be odoriferous as a result of amines or ammonia, or not heretofore known to be removed by either of zeolite or an imide alone.
Accordingly, it is an advantage of this invention to provide novel zeolite/imide compositions useful for reducing or eliminating odors. Another advantage of this invention is to provide a method of using the novel compositions to remove or eliminate odors, especially those odors associated with human and animal waste products.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
Odor reducing compositions in accordance with the invention comprise a mixture of a zeolite and an imide. The zeolite and imide components are present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to reduce or eliminate odors. In general, the ratio of zeolite to imide present in the mixture ranges from about 1:1 to about 99.9:0.1.
Zeolites useful to prepare mixtures in accordance with the present invention include naturally occurring or synthetic zeolites. Zeolites are characterized by an aluminosilicate tetrahedral framework, and have ion exchangeable large cations and loosely held water molecules permitting reversible dehydration. The general formula for a zeolite is as follows: MO.Al2O
3
.nSiO
2
.xH
2
O, where M is Na, K, Ca, Sr or Ba and n and x are integers.
The oxygen atoms in the framework of the zeolite are each shared by two tetrahedrons, thus, the (Si, Al):O ratio is exactly 1:2. The amount of large cations present is dependent on the aluminum to silicon ratio and the formal charge of these large cations. The large cations, which are coordinated by framework oxygens and water molecules, reside in large cavities in the crystal structure. These cavities and channels may even permit the selective passage of organic molecules.
A partial listing of natural zeolites is given in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Group
Name
Formula
Analcime
Analcime
Na(Al
16
Si
32
O
96
).16H
2
O
Wairakite
Ca
16
(Al
16
Si
32
O
96
).16H
2
O
Pollucite
Cs
32
(Al
16
Si
32
O
96
).16H
2
O
Sodalite
Sodalite
Na
6
(Al
6
Si
6
O
24
).2NaCl
Faujasite
(Na
2
, Ca, Mg)
29
((Al
58
Si
134
O
384
).240H
2
O
Chabazite
Chabazite
Ca
6
(Al
12
Si
24
O
72
).40H
2
O
Gmelinite
(Na
2
, Ca)
4
[Al
8
Si
16
O
48
).24H
2
O
Erionite
(Na
2
Ca)
3.5
K
2
[Al
9
Si
27
O
72
].27H
2
O
Offretite
(Ca, Mg)
1.5
K[Al
4
Si
14
O
36
].14H
2
O
Levyne
Ca
9
(Al
18
Si
36
O
108
).50H
2
O
Natrolite
Natrolite
Na
16
(Al
16
Si
24
O
80
).16H
2
O
Scolecite
Ca
16
(Al
16
Si
24
O
80
).16H
2
O
Mesolite
Na
16
Ca
16
(Al
16
Si
24
O
80
).64H
2
O
Edingtonite
Ba
2
(Al
4
Si
6
O
20
).8H
2
O
Thomsonite
Na
4
Ca
8
(Al
20
Si
20
O
80
).24H
2
O
Gonnardite
Na
6.42
, K
0.01
, Ca
1.5
Al
9.22
0Si
110.43
O
40
.12.37H
2
O
Phillipsite
Phillipsite
K
2
(Ca, Na
2
)
2
(Al
6
Si
10
O
32
).12H
2
O
Harmontome
Ba
2
(Al
4
Si
12
O32).12H
2
O
Gismondine
Ca
4
(Al
8
Si
8
O
3
).16H
2
O
Garronite
(NaCa
2
)
5
(Al
6
Si
10
O
32
).13H
2
O
Mordenite
Mordenite
Na
8
(Al
8
Si
40
O
96
).24H
2
O
Diachiardite
Na
5
(Al
5
Si
19
O
48
).12H
2
O
Other
Clinoptilolite
Na
6
(Al
6
Si
30
O72).72H
2
O
Heulandite
Ca
4
(Al
8
Si
28
O
72
).24H
2
O
Brewsterite
(Sr, Ba)
2
(Al
4
Si
12
O
32
).10H
2
O
Epistilbite
Ca
3
(Al
6
Si
18
O
48
).16H
2
O
Stilbite
Na
4
Ca
8
(Al
20
Si
52
O
144
).56H
2
O
Yugawaralite
Ca
2
(Al
4
Si
12
O
32
).8H
2
O
Laumontite
Ca
4
(Al
8
Si
16
O
48
).16H
2
O
Ferrierite
Na
2
Mg
2
(Al
6
Si
30
O
72
).18H
2
O
Paulingite
(K
2
, Ca, Na
2
)
76
[Al
152
Si
520
O
1344
]~7H
2
O
Prior art techniques have resulted in the formation of a great variety of synthetic zeolites. These zeolites have come to be designated by letter or other convenient symbols, as illustrated by zeolite A (U.S. Pat. No. 2,882,243), zeolite X (U.S. Pat. No. 2,882,244), zeolite Y (U.S. Pat. No. 3,130,007), zeolite ZK-5 (U.S. Pat. No. 3,247,195), zeolite ZK-4 (U.S. Pat. No. 3,314,752), zeolite ZSM-5 (U.S. Pat. No. 3,702,886), zeolite ZSM-1 (U.S. Pat. No. 3,709,979), zeolite ZSM-12 (U.S. Pat. No. 3,832,449), zeolite ZSM-20 (U.S. Pat. No. 3,972,983), zeolite ZSM-23 (U.S. Pat. No. 4,075,842), zeolite ZSM-35 (U.S. Pat. No. 4,016,245), zeolite ZSM-38 (U.S. Pat. No. 4,046,859), to name a few, each reference being incorporated herein by reference.
While any zeolite may be used to prepare the odor controlling mixtures of the invention, preferred zeolites include clinoptilolite, chabazite, mordenite, Y, 4A, 5A, P, ZSM-5 and Silicalite in which the silica alumina ratio was varied between 2 and 600. It is within the scope of this invention to use calcined zeolites such as 4A, Y, Mordenite, Silicalite or combinations thereof.
The zeolite is present in the mixture in the form of particles having a diameter ranging from about 2 mm or less. Preferably the particles have a diameter ranging from about 0.5 to 2 mm. In a more preferred embodiment, the zeolite particles have a particle size of 0.044 to 0.5 mm in diameter. In a still more preferred embodiment, the particle size of the zeolite particles is less than about 0.044 mm in diameter.
Any imide may be used to prepare the odor controlling mixture of the invention, however, a preferred imide is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,833,972 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,869,027, said references herein incorporated by reference. In the most preferred embodiment, the imide is a polyamide selected from the group consisting of polysuccinimide, polyglutarimide and copolymers and terpolymers of thereof, and combinations thereof.
The imide is present in the mixture in an amount up to 50% by weight of the total odor controlling mixture. Preferably, the imide is present in the mixture in an amount ranging from about 0.05 to about 10% by weight of the total mixture. Most preferably, the mix

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