Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Peptide containing doai
Reexamination Certificate
2001-02-05
2003-05-20
Saoud, Christine J. (Department: 1647)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Peptide containing doai
C514S002600, C530S350000, C530S399000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06566332
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the field of metabolic research, in particular the discovery of compounds effective for reducing body mass and useful for treating obesity-related diseases and disorders. The obesity-related diseases or disorders envisioned to be treated by the methods of the invention include, but are not limited to, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and hypertension.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The following discussion is intended to facilitate the understanding of the invention, but is not intended nor admitted to be prior art to the invention.
Obesity is a public health problem that is serious, widespread, and increasing. In the United States, 20 percent of the population is obese; in Europe, a slightly lower percentage is obese (Friedman (2000) Nature 404:632-634). Obesity is associated with increased risk of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer as well as respiratory complications and osteoarthritis (Kopelman (2000) Nature 404:635-643). Even modest weight loss ameliorates these associated conditions.
While still acknowledging that lifestyle factors including environment, diet, age and exercise play a role in obesity, twin studies, analyses of familial aggregation, and adoption studies all indicate that obesity is largely the result of genetic factors (Barsh et al (2000) Nature 404:644-651). In agreement with these studies, is the fact that an increasing number of obesity-related genes are being identified. Some of the more extensively studied genes include those encoding leptin (ob) and its receptor (db), pro-opiomelanocortin (Pomc), melanocortin-4-receptor (Mc4r), agouti protein (A
y
), carboxypeptidase E (fat), 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C (Htr2c), nescient basic helix-loop-helix 2 (Nhlh2), prohormone convertase 1 IPCSK1), and tubby protein (tubby) (rev'd in Barsh et al (2000) Nature 404:644-651).
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The instant invention is based on the discovery that portions of the full length OBG3 polypeptide, termed OBG3 polypeptide fragments or gOBG3 polypeptide fragments, have unexpected effects in vitro and in vivo, including utility for weight reduction, prevention of weight gain, and control of blood glucose levels in humans and other mammals. These unexpected effects of OBG3 or gOBG3 polypeptide fragment administration in mammals also include reduction of elevated free fatty acid levels caused by administration of epinephrine, i.v. injection of “intralipid”, or administration of a high fat test meal, as well as increased fatty acid oxidation in muscle cells, and weight reduction in mammals consuming a high fat/high sucrose diet. These effects are unexpected and surprising given that administration of full-length OBG3 polypeptide typically has no effect in vivo or in vitro. To the extent that any effect is observed following administration of full-length OBG3 polypeptide, the levels of full-length OBG3 polypeptide required for an effect render it unfeasible as a potential treatment for humans at this time. In contrast, the OBG3 and gOBG3 polypeptide fragments of the invention are radically more effective and thus can be provided at levels that are feasible for treatments in humans.
Thus, the invention is drawn to OBG3 and gOBG3 polypeptide fragments, polynucleotides encoding said OBG3 and gOBG3 polypeptide fragments, vectors comprising said OBG3 and gOBG3 polynucleotides, and cells recombinant for said OBG3 and gOBG3 polynucleotides, as well as to pharmaceutical and physiologically acceptable compositions comprising said OBG3 and gOBG3 polypeptide fragments and methods of administering said OBG3 and gOBG3 pharmaceutical and physiologically acceptable compositions in order to reduce body weight or to treat obesity-related diseases and disorders. Assays for identifying agonists and antagonists of obesity-related activity are also part of the invention.
In a first aspect, the invention features a purified, isolated, or recombinant OBG3 or gOBG3 polypeptide fragment that that has significantly greater activity than a full-length OBG3 polypeptide, wherein said activity is selected from the group consisting of lipid partitioning, lipid metabolism, and insulin-like activity. In preferred embodiments, said polypeptide fragment comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of, at least 6 and not more than 238 consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO:6 or at least 6 and not more than 241 consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:4. In other preferred embodiments, said polypeptide fragment comprises an amino acid sequence at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to the corresponding consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:4.
In other highly preferred embodiments, said polypeptide fragment comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of, a purified, isolated, or recombinant gOBG3 fragment. Preferably, said gOBG3 polypeptide fragment comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of, at least 6 consecutive amino acids of amino acids 88 to 244 of SEQ ID NO:6 or at least 6 consecutive amino acids of amino acids 91 to 247 of SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:4. Alternatively, said gOBG3 fragment comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of, an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to the corresponding amino acids 88 to 244 of SEQ ID NO:6 or at least 75% identical to amino acids 91 to 247 of SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:4.
In a further preferred embodiment, the OBG3 or gOBG3 polypeptide fragment is able to lower circulating (either blood, serum or plasma) levels (concentration) of: (i) free fatty acids, (ii) glucose, and/or (iii) triglycerides. Further preferred polypeptide fragments demonstrating free fatty acid level lowering activity, glucose level lowering activity, and/or triglyceride level lowering activity, have an activity that is significantly greater than full length OBG3 at the same molar concentration, have a greater than transient activity and/or have a sustained activity.
Further preferred OBG3 or gOBG3 polypeptide fragments are those that significantly stimulate muscle lipid or free fatty acid oxidation as compared to full length OBG3 polypeptides at the same molar concentration. Further preferred OBG3 or gOBG3 polypeptide fragments are those that cause C2C12 cells differentiated in the presence of said fragments to undergo at least 10%, 20%, 30% , 35%, or 40% more oleate oxidation as compared to untreated cells or cells treated with full length OBG3.
Further preferred OBG3 or gOBG3 polypeptide fragments are those that are at least 30% more efficient than full length OBG3 at increasing leptin uptake in a liver cell line (preferably BPRCL mouse liver cells (ATCC CRL-2217)).
Further preferred OBG3 or gOBG3 polypeptide fragments are those that significantly reduce the postprandial increase in plasma free fatty acids, particularly following a high fat meal.
Further preferred OBG3 or gOBG3 polypeptide fragments are those that significantly reduce or eliminate ketone body production, particularly following a high fat meal.
Further preferred OBG3 or gOBG3 polypeptide fragments are those that increase glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells.
Further preferred OBG3 or gOBG3 polypeptide fragments are those that increase glucose uptake in adipose cells.
Further preferred OBG3 or gOBG3 polypeptide fragments are those that increase glucose uptake in neuronal cells.
Further preferred OBG3 or gOBG3 polypeptide fragments are those that increase glucose uptake in red blood cells.
Further preferred OBG3 or gOBG3 polypeptide fragments are those that increase glucose uptake in the brain.
Further preferred OBG3 or gOBG3 polypeptide fragments are those that significantly reduce the postprandial increase in plasma glucose following a meal, particularly a high carbohydrate meal.
Further preferred OBG3 or gOBG3 polypeptide fragments are those that significantly prevent the postprandial increase in plasma glucose following a meal, particularly a high fat or a high carbohydr
Bihain Bernard
Erickson Mary Ruth
Fruebis Joachim
Yen Frances
Genset S.A.
Saliwanchik Lloyd & Saliwanchik
Saoud Christine J.
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