Internal-combustion engines – Cooling – Internal cooling of moving parts; e.g. – hollow valves,...
Patent
1981-01-23
1983-10-11
Feinberg, Craig R.
Internal-combustion engines
Cooling
Internal cooling of moving parts; e.g., hollow valves,...
239552, F01P 310
Patent
active
044085753
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
DESCRIPTION
1. Technical Field
This invention relates generally to a nozzle assembly for controllably spraying a liquid in a substantially columnar form and, more particularly, to a nozzle assembly for spraying a stream of cooling liquid into a reciprocating piston passage.
2. Background Art
In using a nozzle to spray a liquid, the pattern of the stream leaving the nozzle is important to assure that the liquid is delivered to the precise location desired. For example, a nozzle is commonly used to spray a cooling liquid such as engine oil upwardly against the piston as it reciprocates in order to cool it. In longer stroke engines particularly, the oil must be sprayed a relatively long distance toward the piston when it is at its top dead center position. The pattern of the spray is therefore important so that the oil reaches the desired portion of the piston for direct cooling. The oil can then drip or be deflected downwardly to cool the remaining portion of the piston.
Heretofore, the nozzle in such engines have utilized a single opening having a sufficiently large cross-sectional area to deliver the desired volume of oil for a given period of time. However, over the distances which the oil is directed, it tends to spread out or have an excessively wide spray pattern. This reduces the effectiveness of the cooling oil in that sufficient amounts do not reach the piston crown area.
One attempted experimental solution was to taper the outlet passageway in the nozzle to better concentrate the stream leaving the nozzle. However, the manifold construction and tapered nozzle imparted an undesirable rotation and turbulence to the oil particles so that an unacceptable diverging spray pattern still resulted.
The present invention is directed to overcoming one or more of the problems as set forth above.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
In one aspect of the present invention, a nozzle assembly for controllably spraying a liquid in a columnar form has substantially axially aligned inlet and outlet portions, with the inlet portion defining an opening therethrough. First passage means is provided for communicating a first liquid flow from the opening through the outlet portion and outwardly thereof at a first velocity, and second passage means is provided for communicating a second liquid flow from the opening through the outlet portion and outwardly thereof along a plurality of paths generally encircling the first passage means and individually having a second velocity less than the first velocity.
In another aspect of the present invention, a nozzle assembly is provided for controllably spraying a cooling liquid toward a reciprocating engine piston in a precise spray pattern. More specifically, a straight passage is defined in the piston leading to an upper cooling chamber, and the nozzle assembly controllably sprays the cooling liquid in a columnar form into the passage and thereby to the chamber.
In yet another aspect of the present invention, a method is disclosed for spraying a liquid from a nozzle assembly. The steps of the method include initiating liquid flow through an opening in an inlet portion of the nozzle assembly, and controlling the liquid flow from the inlet portion at an outlet portion defining a primary, centrally located passage and a plurality of secondary, peripherally located passages such that the liquid exits from the primary passage at a first velocity and from the secondary passages at a second velocity to maintain a columnar spray pattern.
Advantageously, the liquid spray pattern of the present nozzle assembly is maintained in a columnar form rather than being widely dispersed. This is achieved by providing different liquid flow paths, such as centrally from a primary outlet passage and peripherally from a plurality of secondary outlet passages which cooperate to maintain the spraying pattern relatively compact and free from such dispersing effects.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic elevational view of an engine with a portion broken open and sectioned showing one embodi
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Caterpillar Tractor Co., Technical Information Release #18-480, dated Jun., 1980.
Clairmont, Jr. Floyd H.
Graze, Jr. Russell R.
Caterpillar Tractor Co.
Feinberg Craig R.
Wolfe W. R.
Woloch Anthony N.
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