Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Enzyme – proenzyme; compositions thereof; process for... – Hydrolase
Patent
1987-03-06
1990-06-12
Wax, Robert
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Enzyme , proenzyme; compositions thereof; process for...
Hydrolase
25217412, 252DIG12, 435822, 435874, C12N 920
Patent
active
049332872
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to enzymes for the enzymatic degradation of fatty materials. More specifically, this invention relates to novel lipolytic enzymes with improved lipolytic activity under washing conditions, which make them particularly suitable for use as detergent additives. The invention is also directed towards a process for preparing the novel lipolytic enzymes, their use as additives for washing compositions and to a washing process using these washing compositions. Furthermore, the invention is directed to detergent composition comprising the novel lipolytic enzymes.
The enzyme of this invention comprises at least one of the multiplicity of lipolytic enzymes produced by certain microorganisms and in particular certain bacteria, which have been found to differ one from the other in physicochemical and enzymatic properties.
A special problem associated with laundry cleaning refers to the removal of stains of a fatty nature. This problem will be aggravated still further if the trend towards lower washing temperatures persists. At the moment, the fat containing dirt is emulsified and removed as a result of the washing process at high temperature and high alkalinity.
Due to the present trend for energy saving, there is a strong tendency toward the use of relatively low washing temperatures, i.e. around 40.degree. C. or lower. There is therefore a need for lipases, which are effective at the lower washing temperatures, stable in high alkaline detergent solutions and stable under storing conditions in both solid and liquid detergent compositions.
Although the use of lipolytic enzymes in detergent compositions has been known for many years (see e.g. the references mentioned on page 1, lines 36-38 of British Patent Specification No. 1,442,418), they appear to be rather unsatisfactory in practice since they exhibit only a very low cleaning efficiency under washing conditions and they do not meet the present stability requirements. For a comprehensive review article, reference is made to H. Andree et al., J. Appl. Biochem., 2 (1980) 218-229, "Lipases as Detergent Components".
Lipolytic detergent additives are also known from, e.g., British Patent Specification No. 1,293,613 and Canadian Patent No. 835,343.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,950,277 and British Patent Specification No. 1,442,418 disclose lipase enzymes combined with an activator and calcium and/or magnesium ions, respectively, which are utilized to pre-soak soiled fabrics and to remove triglyceride stains and soils from polyester or polyester/cotton fabric blends, respectively. Suitable microbial lipases for use herein (apart from animal and plant derived lipases) are said to be those derived from Pseudomonas, Aspergillus, Pneumococcus, Staphylococcus, and Staphylococcus toxins, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycotorula lipolytica, and Sclerotinia.
British Patent Specification No. 1,372,034 discloses a detergent composition comprising a bacterial lipase produced by Pseudomonas stutzeri strain ATCC 19154. Furthermore, it is recommended that the preferred lipolytic enzymes should have a pH optimum between 6 and 10, and should be active in said range, preferably between 7 and 9. Around 1970, this presumed Pseudomonas stutzeri strain was reclassified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as appears for example from the ATCC catalogues.
European Patent Application EP-A-0130064 discloses an enzymatic detergent additive comprising a lipase isolated from Fusarium oxysporum with an alleged higher lipolytic cleaning efficiency than conventional lipases.
As a result of extensive research and experimentation it has been surprisingly found that lipase preparations could be obtained by cultivation of suitably selected microorganisms, the lipases being capable of exhibiting lipase activity under modern washing conditions, i.e. they are stable and effective at high detergent concentrations, at high pH and at low washing temperatures.
Accordingly, the invention provides novel lipase preparations which are obtainable by cultivation of certain strains belonging to the species of Pseud
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Schaad et al., "Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes Subsp. Citrulli Subsy, Nov.," Int. J. Syst. Bact., vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 117-125, 1978.
Haferburg et al., "Extracellular lipase from Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus" Acta Biotechnol, 1982, 2(4), 337-342, (CA 98:2626f).
Goto, "Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes Subsp. Konjac; Subsp. Nov., The Causal Agent of Bacterial Leaf Blight of Konjac," Int. J. Syst. Bact., vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 539-545, 1983.
Budapest Treaty of Int. Reg. of Deposit BP/A/II/12 6 pages.
Farin Farrokh
Labout Johannes Jacobs M.
Verschoor Gerrit J.
Gist-Brocades N.V.
Wax Robert
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