Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus – product – and – Current producing cell – elements – subcombinations and... – Include electrolyte chemically specified and method
Patent
1985-09-09
1987-07-21
Hearn, Brian E.
Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus, product, and
Current producing cell, elements, subcombinations and...
Include electrolyte chemically specified and method
429192, 429213, H01M 618
Patent
active
046818227
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to novel composite materials and a method for preparing films of such composite materials. The composite materials herein are useful in electrical applications such as electrodes in solid state energy storage devices.
It is known to produce energy storage devices which use an electrode of a conducting polymer and an electrolyte which may be either a solid or a liquid. Solid-state energy storage devices have been prepared having a composite or laminar structure comprising a layer of electrolyte being sandwiched, either as such or impregnated in a matrix, between two electrodes. It is also known that by electrochemically doping the conducting polymers with a dopant anion or cation, the polymers of this type can be used to store electric charge.
In such solid-state devices, the conducting polymer acts as the electronic conductor and the electrolyte matrix as the ionic conductor. One of the major drawbacks of using composites in such devices is that the migration of ions from the electrolyte to the polymer electrode is hindered by the relatively low diffusion rate of the dopant ion into the polymer electrode, and the resulting high internal resistance reduces the devices performance.
It has now been found that the ion diffusion rate characteristically found in conventional conductive composite materials can be significantly increased by preparing a ionic/electronic composite conductor comprising interpenetrating networks of a continuous electronic conducting material and a continuous ionic conducting material. Such composite conductors can be used in a variety of electrical applications but are particularly suited for use in solid state energy storage devices.
Accordingly, the present invention provides an ionic/electronic composite conductor comprising interpenetrating networks of a continuous electronic conducting material and a continuous ionic conducting material.
In a preferred embodiment, the composite conductor is a coherent film.
The present invention also provides a method for preparing a film of a composite conductor comprising interpenetrating networks of a continuous electronic conducting material and a continuous ionic conducting material, the method comprising conducting material and an electronic conducting material or a precursor thereof,
According to another embodiment of this invention, an energy storage device is provided containing at least one electrode comprising interpenetrating networks of a continuous electronic conducting material and a continuous ionic conducting material.
By "interpenetrating networks" is meant herein that each material of the composite conductor is continuous and intimately mixed with the other material throughout the composite. In order to determine that the materials are intimate and continuous, thermal analysis can be conducted in accordance with known differential thermal analysis (DTA) techniques. Such techniques will show an increased melting point for the ionic conducting material, as compared to its normal melting point, when the electronic conducting material and the ionic conducting material are interpenetrating.
The electronic conducting material of the ionic/electronic composite conductor according to the present invention is formed from a conducting hydrocarbon polymer which is soluble in the solvent employed. For example, these materials include but are not limited to soluble precursor polymers of polyacetylene and polyphenylene which can be subsequently converted to polyacetylene and polyphenylene; soluble electronic conducting polymers such as polyphenylene diphenyl vinylene; or soluble substituted electronic conducting polymers such as phenyl substituted polyacetylene. Polyacetylene precursors are preferred.
The ionic conducting material of the composite conductor is a mixture or a complex of an ionic salt, containing anions such as AsF.sub.6 -, PF.sub.6 -, BF.sub.4 -, or CLO.sub.4 -, and cations such as alkali metal cations, e.g. Li+, with a polymeric solvating agent capable of solvating the ionic salt such as a polya
REFERENCES:
patent: 4525440 (1985-06-01), Barnette et al.
patent: 9556614 (1985-12-01), Le Mehaute et al.
Chem. Abs., vol. 101; No. 114027y.
Berthier Claude M.
Friend Richard H.
Hearn Brian E.
Kalafut Stephen J.
The British Petroleum Company p.l.c.
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