Fabric (woven – knitted – or nonwoven textile or cloth – etc.) – Woven fabric – Woven fabric including an additional woven fabric layer
Reexamination Certificate
1998-08-27
2001-03-27
Morris, Terrel (Department: 1771)
Fabric (woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.)
Woven fabric
Woven fabric including an additional woven fabric layer
C442S245000, C442S254000, C442S255000, C442S263000, C442S275000, C442S277000, C428S095000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06207599
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of Invention
The present invention pertains to a nonwoven primary carpet backing. More particularly, the present invention pertains to a nonwoven primary carpet backing comprising thermoplastic polymer filaments or fibers bonded by means of a binder polymer.
2. Description of Related Art
The manufacture of nonwoven primary carpet backings, with filaments or fibers of a thermoplastic polymer being bonded with the aid of, e.g., a thermoplastic polymer bonding agent, has been known for many years. For example, such manufacture is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,842,915. This patent relates to a spunbonded fabric consisting of polyester matrix filaments, which fabric is suitable to be used as a tufting base for carpets. The fabric is strengthened by means of a binding component in the form of softenable filaments, fibers, a powder and/or fine-grained granulates. The binding component consists of polypropylene with a melting range which is at least 90° C. below the melting range of the polyester matrix filaments or fibers.
Over the years, nonwoven primary carpet backings have been constantly improved in order to meet the ever more stringent demands of carpet manufacturers and consumers. Of particular importance are: increasing the breaking strength and elongation at break after tufting, increasing the tear resistance after tufting and coating, generally improving the appearance of the resulting carpet, allowing effective mending of imperfections that occur during tufting, and facilitating tuftability, i.e. by providing lower tuft-needle penetration resistance and reduced needle deflection during tufting, avoiding rough back stitch, increasing stitch lock, and reducing noise during tufting.
In general, tufting reduces the breaking strength of nonwoven backings, particularly of high initial breaking strength) nonwoven backings, because of the disruption and/or damage caused by the tufting needles.
It is noted that European patent application no. EP 822283 concerns a spunbonded web comprising two types, (a) and (b), of bicomponent sheath/core filaments having a polyethylene terephthalate core which has a melting temperature higher than that of the sheath of binding polymer. The ratio by weight of the sheath polymer of the type (a) filament to the type (b) filament is in the range from 1:3 to 1:10. Over the cross-section of the web, the ratio by weight of type (a) filaments to type (b) filaments varies from 15 to 70%. This latter ratio changes through the cross-sectional planes of the web without any noticeable or distinguishable phase boundaries so as to avoid delamination. This technology, therefore, runs counter to that of the present invention, which seeks to promote delamination.
Japanese patent application JP 04-352861 concerns a nonwoven fabric composed of composite long fibers A of a polymer (a1) and a polymer (a2) having a melting point at least 30° C. higher than that of polymer (a1), and composite long fibers B of a polymer (b1) and a polymer (b2) having a melting point at least 30° C. higher than that of polymer (b1). Further, the melting point of polymer (b1) is at least 20° C. higher than that of polymer (a1). The fabric consists of four layers, the first containing only fibers A, the second containing more fibers A than fibers B, the third containing more fibers B than fibers A, and the fourth containing only fibers B. The concentration of fibers A and fibers B varies continuously without any clear boundaries, so that no delamination occurs.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,940,302 discloses a nonwoven web, suitable for use as a primary backing for tufted carpets. The nonwoven web contains bicomponent filaments having a core of polypropylene and a sheath of copolyamide that is described in the patent as “which is capable of being rendered adhesive in pressurized saturated steam at a pressure which leaves the core component substantially unaffected”, together with polypropylene homofilaments. Parallel yarns are embedded in the web in its lengthwise direction. In a preferred embodiment, the bicomponent filaments are present in a higher concentration in a thin layer at at least one of the surfaces of the product than in the center of the product so as to improve the dye uptake of the surface of the backing.
JP 09-291457 concerns a laminate comprising web layers of a composite long fiber of the side-by-side type or the sheath/core type composed of two kinds of polymers with different melting points, i.e. high-density polyethylene and high-density polypropylene. The amount of high density polyethylene is different in each web layer. The laminate has super bulkiness, feel, and tensile strength.
JP 06-128855 discloses a three layer structure nonwoven fabric comprising a surface layer, an intermediate layer, and a backside layer. The surface layer and the backside layer are composed of a conjugate type long fiber consisting of a thermoplastic polymer component A and a thermoplastic polymer component B that is incompatible with the thermoplastic polymer component A. The long fibers are bonded by the fusion bonding of component A. The intermediate layer contains fiber A, consisting of only fiber A, and fiber B, consisting of only fiber B, which fibers are formed by dividing the conjugate type long fiber. Fiber A is entangled with fiber B without substantially being fused.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide the above-described improvements. This is achieved in the carpet backings of the present invention, wherein the backing is a multi-layer structure comprises at least a distinguishable thermoplastic woven layer, a thermoplastic continuous layer, or a nonwoven layer comprising filaments or fibers bonded by means of a binder polymer. The distinguishable layer of the present invention reduces the delamination strength of the backing, measured in accordance with DIN 54310, by at least 30 per cent, preferably at least 50 per cent, with respect to the same backing without the said distinguishable layer.
It has been found that a decrease in delamination strength achieved through incorporation of the distinguishable layer of the present invention, either as a substitute for an existing layer or as an additional layer, resulted in a substantial decrease in tensile breaking strength of the backing, which decrease at first may seem disadvantageous. However, it appeared that the deliberate reduction in breaking strength in accordance with the present invention (i.e. by decreasing the delamination strength of the backing) suppresses the reduction in breaking strength and elongation resulting from tufting. Although the breaking strength of the untufted backing according to the invention is lower than that of untufted prior art backings, the tufted backing according to the invention actually has a higher breaking strength and elongation than tufted prior art backings. This phenomenon will be illustrated and substantiated by the examples hereinbelow.
The distinguishable layer according to the present invention is responsible for the reduction of the delamination strength (e.g., through higher mobility of the filaments or fibers and/or by reduced adherence to the other layer(s)), and also provides sufficient coherence of the laminate to allow handling, particularly rough handling, and processing. The distinguishable layer according to the present invention can take many forms, such as a dry-laid, a wet-laid, or a meltblown nonwoven. Other examples of forms that the distinguishable layer according to the present invention can take are woven fabrics and continuous layers such as a film or foil. However, thermally or chemically bonded nonwovens, such as spunbonded nonwovens, which may in addition be needlepunched or hydro-entangled, are preferred.
REFERENCES:
patent: 3605666 (1971-09-01), Kimmel et al.
patent: 3817817 (1974-06-01), Pickens et al.
patent: 3895151 (1975-07-01), Matthews et al.
patent: 3940302 (1976-02-01), Matthews
patent: 4439476 (1984-03-01), Guild
patent: 4842915 (1989-06-01), Hartmann et al.
patent: 5284097 (1994-02-01)
Coolen Peter Thomas
Johnson, III Samuel T.
Akzo Nobel nv
Morris Terrel
Oliff & Berridg,e PLC
Torres Norca L.
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