Radiation imagery chemistry: process – composition – or product th – Radiation sensitive product – Silver compound sensitizer containing
Patent
1991-07-29
1993-12-14
Hollrah, Glennon H.
Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product th
Radiation sensitive product
Silver compound sensitizer containing
10628726, 564157, 564158, 564347, 564348, 564349, 564504, G03C 1005, C07C21510
Patent
active
052701611
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to non-ionic surface active compounds.
Japanese Patent Application No. 54/163829 describes low toxicity cosmetic compositions which contain a compound having the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is an alkyl or alkenyl group having from 10 to 22 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 is a polyhydroxyalkyl group. The compounds can be dissolved or dispersed in water and oily cosmetic bases for the preparation of products such as milky lotions, face lotions, hair conditioners, shampoos and rinses.
It is desirable for a number of applications to use non-ionic surface active compounds which are more water-soluble than the compounds described above. Solubility affects the appearance of the surfactant solution e.g. a surfactant which is dispersible rather than soluble will result in a cloudy rather than a clear solution. Also, the solubility of the surfactant can affect its use e.g. for use as an effective coating aid in a hydrophilic colloid solution the surfactant must be soluble. The invention provides such surface active compounds.
The surface active compounds of the invention may be used as dispersants, emulsifiers, wetting agents and coating aids. In particular, the compounds may be used in the manufacture of photographic materials.
The invention provides a water-soluble, non-ionic surface active compound having the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; hydrophobic substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group; --(CH.sub.2).sub.m NR.sup.3 CO--; group.
When X is an arylene group it is preferably an alkyl substituted phenylene group. The alkyl substituent or substituents preferably have a total of from 6 to 18 carbon atoms. A particularly preferred substituted arylene group is represented by the formula ##STR4## wherein R.sup.4 is an alkyl group having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms. Specific examples of suitable alkyl substituents include 4--C.sub.6 H.sub.13, 4--C.sub.12 H.sub.25 and 5--C.sub.15 H.sub.31.
When X is an alkylene group it preferably contains a total of from 6 to 23 carbon atoms. A particularly preferred alkylene group is represented by the formula ##STR5## wherein R.sup.5 is an alkyl group having from 3 to 20 carbon atoms. Specific examples of suitable alkyl substituents include --C.sub.6 H.sub.13, --C.sub.10 H.sub.21, --C.sub.12 H.sub.25 and --C.sub.15 H.sub.31.
Preferred polyhydroxyalkyl groups from which Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 may be selected include groups derived from sugars. For example, the polyhydroxyalkyl group may have the formula --(CH.sub.2).sub.n (CHOH).sub.p CH.sub.2 OH wherein n is 0 or 1 and p is an integer from 3 to 6. Another example of a preferred polyhydroxyalkyl group is represented by the formula --C(CH.sub.2 OH).sub.3.
Preferably, the compounds do not contain polyether linkages.
Specific examples of compounds of the invention are as follows ##STR6##
The compounds of the invention may be prepared from known dihydroxy compounds having the formula HO--X--OH wherein X is as defined above. Reaction of the dihydroxy compound with epibromohydrin provides a bisepoxide intermediate compound as follows: ##STR7##
From the bisepoxide intermediate compound, various routes may be taken to produce the compounds of the invention. For example, the bisepoxide may be reacted with an amine having the formula Z.sup.1 --NR.sup.1 H or Z.sup.1 --CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.m NR.sup.1 H wherein Z.sup.1, R.sup.1 and m are as defined above. Alternatively, the bisepoxide may be converted to the corresponding bisamine either by reaction with ammonia or by reaction with sodium azide with subsequent reduction. The resulting bisamine can be reacted with a polyhydroxyalkyl ester e.g. a sugar lactone, to provide a compound of the invention having amide links between the polyhydroxyalkyl groups and the bisamine residue.
Details of the reaction conditions used for making the compounds of the invention are to be found in the specific examples given later in the specification.
The compounds of the invention may be used as emulsifyin
REFERENCES:
patent: 2761791 (1956-09-01), Russel
patent: 3508947 (1970-04-01), Hughes
patent: 4430250 (1984-02-01), Sebag et al.
patent: 4599090 (1986-07-01), Steckel
patent: 4808755 (1989-02-01), Wirth et al.
Chemical Abstract 167883 (DD 247,014), 1988.
Chemical Abstract 223509 Tenside Surfactants, 1988, 25(1), pp. 8-13.
Chemical Abstract 110888-45-4, 1987.
Chemical Abstract 110888-47-6, 1988.
Chemical Abstract 110888-49-8, 1988.
Chemical Abstract 116250-55-6, 1988.
Newington Ian M.
Pitt Alan R.
Eastman Kodak Company
Hollrah Glennon H.
Kumar Shailendra
Leipold Paul A.
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