Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series – Organic compounds – Carboxylic acid esters
Patent
1998-04-10
2000-05-16
Sergent, Rabon
Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series
Organic compounds
Carboxylic acid esters
252306, 252308, 252311, 252312, 528 49, 528 745, 528 76, 528 77, 560 25, 560 33, 560115, 560157, 560158, 560166, C07C26902, C07C27106, C07C27108, C08G 1842, C08G 1848
Patent
active
060639547
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to non-ionic emulsifiers based on fatty acid esters of polyalkoxylated polyhydric alcohols as fundamental constituents, and to the production and use thereof.
Non-ionic emulsifiers for the stabilisation of disperse systems have already been known for a long time in the literature. Apart from fatty alcohol- and alkylphenol alkoxylates of linear structure, emulsifiers are known which are based on polyhydric alcohols esterified with fatty acids, such as glycerol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol and secondary products thereof (e.g. sorbitan and its isomers; see HOUBEN-WEYL), and which are characterised in that stable emulsions can be produced using smaller amounts of emulsifier than when the linear types are used. The fatty acids in these emulsifiers may be saturated or unsaturated. Examples include palmitic acid, stearic acid, lauric acid, linoleic or linolenic acid, and dehydrated castor acid. Alkoxylation is effected by ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide. The degree of alkoxylation is between 10 and 100. Examples of alkoxylated fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols include the polyethoxylated sorbitan fatty acid esters which are commercially available under the trade name TWEEN (a trade name of ICI). Their synthesis and production are described in: Dekker Inc. New York, Basle, 1983 Wiley & Son, 1986 Publishers, Inc. 1988 pages 449-473 Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1975 organischen Chemie" page 97 et seq. Vol. I/2, Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart 4th Edition, 1959, and in
Ethoxylation can be effected by the reaction of OH-functional fundamental substances (fatty acids, fatty alcohols, polyhydric alcohols and secondary products thereof, such as sorbitan, for example) with polyalkylene oxides such as polyethylene oxide for example, or by the polyalkoxylation of the aforementioned fundamental substances with ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide with basic catalysis and under pressure.
Examples of ethoxylated sorbitan fatty acid esters include the commercial products TWEEN 20 (sorbitan monolaurate comprising 20 moles ethylene oxide) and Atlas G-4252 comprising 80 moles ethylene oxide. Emulsifiers such as these are hereinafter called fundamental constituents, from which the emulsifiers according to the invention are synthesised.
A disadvantage of these emulsifiers during the production of synthetic resin emulsions for the formulation of lacquers, particularly covering lacquers, is the large amount thereof which has to be used, which results in a drastic impairment of the resistance to weathering and of other lacquer technology parameters. It has now been shown that these disadvantages can be substantially eliminated by increasing the molecular weight by linking the fundamental constituents. Thus an emulsifier is obtainable under the trade name "G1350" (ICI) which is based on ethoxylated sorbitan fatty acid esters and in which the fundamental constituents are built up to form structures of higher molecular weight by reaction with phthalic anhydride, and which has a weight average molecular weight Mw of 17,000. Stable emulsions are obtained here even when amounts of 3% are used with respect to the phase to be emulsified, whereas when the corresponding fundamental constituents are used at least 10-20% is required with respect to the phase to be emulsified. A disadvantage of this emulsifier is the tendency of the lacquer film towards yellowing, due to its chemical structure, and its tendency to form strongly structured surface. The latter disadvantage is particularly troublesome for covering lacquers and severely restricts the use of these emulsifiers for this application. Moreover, covering lacquers which contain this emulsifier are very sensitive to hydrolysis.
The object of the present invention is therefore to provide emulsifiers which do not exhibit these disadvantages and which also enable very smooth surfaces to be produced, with a good state of the covering lacquer.
This object is achieved by non-ionic emulsifiers of the type cited at the outset, which are characterised in that at least two fundam
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Paul Becher, Encyclopedia of Emulsion Technology, vol. 1 "Basic Theory", pp. 337-367, 1983.
Kozo Shinoda et al., Emulsions and Solubilization, pp. 75-83, 1986.
Drew Myers, Surfactant Science and Technology, pp. 67-73, 1988.
Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (5th Ed. Completely Revised); vol. A9: Dithiocarbamic Acid to Ethanol, pp. 297-339, 1987.
Diener Wolfgang
Duecoffre Volker
Flosbach Carmen
Hey Gerhard
Schubert Walter
Herberts Gesellschaft mit beschrankter Haftung
Sergent Rabon
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