Stock material or miscellaneous articles – Coated or structually defined flake – particle – cell – strand,... – Rod – strand – filament or fiber
Patent
1999-06-18
2000-07-11
Weisberger, Richard
Stock material or miscellaneous articles
Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand,...
Rod, strand, filament or fiber
428359, 428361, 428372, 428402, 252 62, 252607, 252921, 427308, 427427, 162158, C09K 328
Patent
active
060869984
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention concerns a nonflammable fiber product which can be used as a flame-retardant material or as an insulating material or as a material suitable for both purposes.
There are already numerous known thermal insulation materials based on cellulose for blowing into the cavities in walls, roofs and ceilings, forming an insulation layer with good thermal insulation properties, regardless of how it is formed. These materials consist essentially of paper products and recycled paper products (approximately 85%) and are mixed with borax, boric acid and aluminum hydroxide as aggregates for fire prevention and to protect against fungus infections and other pests. The thermal conductivity of these materials is on the order of 0.045 W/mK.
Canadian Patent No. 2,150,600 A describes a flame-retardant material of organic or inorganic fibers containing sodium/potassium silicates, surface-active agents and heat-expanding microbeads. U.S. Pat. No. 4,184,969 A describes an inorganic composition as an additive to cellulose fibers, consisting of aluminum oxide trihydrate, ammonium sulfate, borax and boric acid.
Other materials in the form of boards or layers with a similar thermal conductivity based on recycled paper from newspapers, for example, are likewise known and are available commercially.
In addition, Swiss Patent No. 683,543 describes an insulation material based on virgin wool, which provides both sound and heat insulation.
However these known properties use valuable resources, in these cases recycled paper and wool, which could definitely be reused in the paper and textile producing industries and for which there is a high demand, so they are thus removed from their highest-quality utilization.
In addition, boric acids and the salts thereof are used in substantial quantities (up to 15% by weight) for a biocidal finish, although these compounds cannot be classified as ecologically safe.
Furthermore, phosphates such as ammonium phosphate or zinc borate, aluminum oxide hydrate, halogenated organic compounds and halogenated organic phosphorus compounds in particular have also been used as substances for a flame-retardant finish, and for, coatings that provide an oxygen barrier are also applied to reduce smouldering (Rompp, 9th edition, pp. 1369-1370).
The object of this invention is to develop a nonflammable boron-free product which preferably also provides thermal insulation and uses recycled materials that are as inexpensive as possible or substances that can no longer be recycled otherwise. A special object of this invention is to find an appropriate use within the cycle of processable celluloses for waste products containing cellulose which would have been incinerated in the past.
According to this invention, this is accomplished by a nonflammable fiber product containing: containing cellulose;
It is advantageous if the fiber product also contains 0.005 to 0.5 wt % of a biologically active, surface-active ingredient. The biologically active surface-active substance may be a cationic surfactant or a sparingly water-soluble cationic surfactant or a mixture thereof.
Preferred substances for use as nonionic surface-active agents (nonionic surfactants) include fatty alcohol ethoxylates, alkylphenyl ethoxylates, fatty amine ethoxylates, fatty acid ester ethoxylates, alcohol amides, sugar surfactants or amine oxides. Fatty alcohol ethoxylates such as those derived from C.sub.16 /C.sub.18 alcohols with 16 to 20 ethoxy units are especially preferred.
If the nonionic surfactant content is less than 0.05%, an adequate flame resistance is not achieved (flame retardancy) and if the nonionic surfactant content is more than 1 wt %, no further improvement in performance is achieved, and this amount of surfactant is not economical. The fiber or fiber mixture containing cellulose is selected from pure processed cellulose, lignin-based wood structures such as compact wood, wood chips or wood pulp as well as bark, straw, flax, hemp, jute, coconut, cotton, recycled paper, other cellulose-based waste products and mixtures thereof
REFERENCES:
patent: 4184969 (1980-01-01), Bhat
patent: 4702861 (1987-10-01), Farnum
Prof. Dr. Jurgen Falbe und Prof. Dr. Manfred Regitz: ROMPP, 9.sup.th Edition, pp. 1369-1370.
Ebner Lothar
Wihsmann Marc
Protekum Umweltinstitut GmbH Oranienburg
Weisberger Richard
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