Solid anti-friction devices – materials therefor – lubricant or se – Lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces and... – Ptfe
Reexamination Certificate
1995-06-07
2003-02-18
Toomer, Cephia D. (Department: 1714)
Solid anti-friction devices, materials therefor, lubricant or se
Lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces and...
Ptfe
C508S590000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06521569
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a non-flammable, anti-corrosive, non-discoloring product which has both penetrating and lubricating characteristics and is prepared with a non-flammable propellant, and which also replaces water, and to a process for producing the same.
2. Related Prior Art
Lubricants are materials used to diminish friction between the moving surfaces; also to decrease friction between a cutting tool and the material being cut. A wide variety of materials is used for manufacturing lubricants. Animal lubricants are obtained from the fat of common animals and can be classified as hard fats (stearin) and soft fats (lard) or naturally occurring combinations. Vegetable lubricants include rape seed oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil, castor oil, and linseed oil. They range in properties from solid to liquid. Petroleum and mineral oil lubricants, because of their greater stability, are usually preferred for machine applications. Lubricants range from light oils, to very heavy solid greases. Graphite, a solid, is also used as a lubricant.
Because of increased requirement for lubricants, including higher temperature and pressure applications, greater durability, and tolerance to wide changes in ambient temperature conditions, numerous, synthetic lubricants have been developed. These include synthetic hydrocarbons, carboxylic acid esters, silicones, polyethers (polyalkylene glycols), phosphate esters, silicate esters, highly fluorinated compounds, and polyaromatics (polyphenyls and polyphenyl ethers). In selecting a lubricant, the following characteristics are considered: (1) lubricity and antiwear properties; (2) fluid range; (3) viscosity index; (4) additive response of base oil; (5) oxidation stability; (6) thermal stability; (7) hydrolytic stability; (8) fire resistance; (9) compatibility with petroleum products; (10) compatibility with paints, plastics, and elastomers; and (11) cost. See Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, 6th Ed., Douglas A M. Considine, P. E., Editori, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., NY p. 1787-1788 (1983).
Lubricant sprays containing oil and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and processes for making them are known. Unfortunately, such lubricants are classified as hazardous according to various regulations, fire codes and building codes, such as the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA).
Model fire codes which regulate flammable aerosols include National Fire Codes promulgated by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), Uniform Fire and Building Codes which apply to the western United States and are promulgated by the International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO), Standard Fire and Building Codes which apply to the southeastern United States and are promulgated by the Southern Building Code Congress International (SBCCI) and National Fire and Building Codes which apply to the northeastern United States and are promulgated by Building Officials and Code Administrators (BOCA).
The National Fire Code and the Uniform Fire Code classify aerosol products according to three classification levels. Section 30B of the National Fire Code defines Level 1 Aerosols as (1) non-water soluble aerosols containing a non-flammable propellant and less than 25 percent flammable constituents in the base product, (2) water soluble aerosols containing non-flammable propellant and less than 85 percent constituents in the base product or (3) aerosols containing less than 50 percent flammable propellant and less than 25 percent flammable constituents in the base product. Level 3 Aerosols are defined as (1) aerosols containing more than 80 percent flammable propellant and less than 25 percent flammable constituents in the base product, (2) water soluble aerosols containing greater than 50 percent flammable propellant and greater than 25 percent flammable constituents in the base product, (3) non-water soluble aerosols containing greater than 50 percent flammable propellant and from 25 to 55 percent flammable constituents in the base product, (4) non-water soluble aerosols containing non-flammable or less than 80 percent flammable propellants and greater than 55 percent flammable constituents in the base product or (5) water soluble or non-water soluble aerosols containing greater than 80 percent flammable propellant and less than 20 percent flammable constituents in the base product.
Uniform Fire Code Standard No. 88-1 defines Level 1 Aerosol products as (1) water soluble and non-water soluble aerosols containing non-flammable propellant and less than 25 percent flammable constituents in the base product or (2) aerosols containing less than 50 percent flammable propellant and less than 25 percent flammable constituents in the base product. Level 3 Aerosols are defined as (1) aerosols containing greater than 80 percent flammable propellant and less than 25 percent flammable constituents in the base product, (2) water soluble aerosols containing greater than 50 percent flammable propellant and greater than 25 percent flammable constituents in the base product, (3) non-water soluble aerosols containing non-flammable propellant and from 25 to 55 percent flammable constituents in the base product, (4) non-water soluble aerosols containing less than 50 percent flammable propellant and from 25 to 55 percent flammable constituents in the base product, (5) non-water soluble aerosols containing greater than 50 percent flammable propellant and 25 to 55 percent flammable constituents in the base product, (6) non-water soluble aerosols containing non-flammable or less than 80 percent flammable propellant and greater than 55 percent flammable constituents in the base product or (7) water soluble or non-water soluble aerosols containing greater than 80 percent flammable propellant and less than 20 percent flammable constituents in the base product. The Uniform Fire Code further provides that where a flammable product equals or exceeds 50 percent of the net weight of the container contents, the classification system shall be raised to the next higher level. Section 9-A of the Uniform Building Code governing hazardous materials, liquids and chemicals refers to the Uniform Fire Code for aerosol regulation.
Prior art lubricants have Level 3 Aerosol flammability, and therefore prevent certain hazards to the environment, facility, and to the person using the lubricant.
A separate body of prior art discloses various lubricants for treating rusted surfaces:
U.S. Pat. No. 5,059,334 to Scheld discloses a lubricant containing solid fluorocarbon particles (such as PTFE), oil, a lubricant carrier medium (for example, a phosphate ester such as tricresyl phosphate) and a chlorinated solvent (such as 1,1,1 trichloroethane).
U.S. Pat. No. 5,160,646 to Scheld discloses a sprayable lubricant containing solid fluorocarbon particles (such as polytetrafluoroethylene), a carrier medium (for example, a phosphate ester such as tricresyl phosphate), a buoyant medium (such as oil) and a chlorinated solvent vehicle (such as 1,1,1 trichloroethane).
U.S. Pat. No. 3,314,889 to Christian describes a grease composition containing a high-temperature organosilicon lubricating base fluid and a fluoroethylene polymer.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,528,109 to Fifolt et al. discloses non-flammable hydraulic fluids containing fluorinated chlorotrifluoroethylene oil (the non-flammable component), an aliphatic ester, a liquid polyester or polyether, a hydrocarbon oil having a low wax content and a phenolic antioxidant.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,465,607 to Cottell describes a lubricating composition containing a lubricating oil having particles of polytetrafluoroethylene uniformly dispersed and suspended therein.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,985,161 to Tohznka et al. involves a fluorine-containing grease comprising a perfluoroalkyl polyether and polytetrafluoroethylene.
The flammability of prior art lubricants present distinct hazards during use. Further, known solid lubricants, such as graphite and molybdenum, have the disadvantage of discoloring or staining clothing and surfaces to which they ar
Abramowski Horst
Wells James D.
Alston & Bird LLP
Radiator Specialty Company
Toomer Cephia D.
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