Nitrogen-free anionic softeners

Details Nitrogen-free anionic softeners Nitrogen-free anionic softeners

1995-06-16

1996-10-22

Green, Anthony

Cleaning compositions for solid surfaces, auxiliary compositions

Auxiliary compositions for cleaning, or processes of preparing

Textile softening or antistatic composition

510516, 510328, D06M 13148

Patent

active

055673406

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to nitrogen-free anionic softeners containing sulfated fatty acid partial glycerides and to the use of the sulfated fatty acid partial glycerides for the production of the softeners.
2. Discussion of Related Art
Cationic or pseudocationic compounds are predominantly used in the softening of textiles, yarns and fibers and also in the finishing of leather and in papermaking. Important representatives of this group are, for example, distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DSDMAC), quaternized difatty acid alkanolamine ester salts or reaction products of fatty acids with polyamines, for example aminoethyl ethanolamine. Although these compounds have excellent softening properties, their biological degradability and the sensitization potential of a number of products are not entirely satisfactory [cf. Seifen-ole-Fette-Wachse, 117, 287 and 690 (1991)]. In addition, the--certainly more theoretical--possibility that nitrosamines can be formed in traces from cationic surfactants in water-containing preparations leads to a market need for softeners which are free from nitrogen-containing compounds.
A number of anionic compounds which also have softening properties and are readily biodegradable are actually known from the extensive prior art relating to softening preparations and fabric softeners. However, the performance level of hitherto known anionic softeners is so low that they have not hitherto been used in commercial products despite their ecotoxicological advantages.
Now, the problem addressed by the present invention was to provide new nitrogen-free anionic softeners which would be free from the disadvantages described above.


DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to nitrogen-free anionic softeners containing sulfated fatty acid partial glycerides corresponding to formula (I): ##STR2## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently of one another represent at least one aliphatic, linear or branched acyl radical containing 6 to 22 carbon atoms, at least one sulfate group and optionally a hydroxyl group and m, n and p=0 or numbers of 1 to 10.
It has surprisingly been found that sulfated fatty acid partial glycerides have very good softening properties, are readily biodegradable and hence meet all the requirements to be able to be successfully used in softening preparations and fabric softeners.
The sulfated fatty acid partial glycerides are known substances which may be obtained by relevant methods of preparative organic chemistry. A preferred method comprises, for example, sulfating technical partial glyceride mixtures of high diglyceride content with gaseous sulfur trioxide in continuous falling-film reactors and then introducing the products into and neutralizing them with sodium hydroxide [cf. DE-A1 40 38 477 Henkel].
Accordingly, a fatty acid partial glyceride in the context of the invention is a technical mixture of mono-, di- and triglycerides which may still contain some free glycerol. Mixtures containing 25 to 50% by weight and preferably 35 to 40% by weight of diglyceride, based on the mixture, are preferably used.
Accordingly, the resulting sulfated fatty acid partial glycerides are also technical mixtures which, in addition to sulfated diglycerides, may contain above all monoglyceride sulfates and unsulfonated constituents. The content of sulfated 1,2- or 1,3-diglycerides is preferably from 30 to 60% by weight, based on the anionic surfactant content.
The sulfated fatty acid partial glycerides may also contain ethylene oxide groups in the molecule. Compounds such as these are also known in principle and may be prepared, for example, by ethoxylation of fatty acid partial esters and subsequent sulfation. The sum of the indices m, n and p represents the degree of ethoxylation, each individual index standing for 0 or numbers of 1 to 10 and preferably 2 to 7. Accordingly, the preferred sulfated fatty acid partial glycerides containing ethylene oxide are obtained by sulfation of adducts of, on average,

REFERENCES:
patent: 5117032 (1992-05-01), Fabry et al.
patent: 5312932 (1994-05-01), Behler et al.
patent: 5319117 (1994-06-01), Fabry et al.
Seifen-Ole-Fette-Wachse, 117, 287 and 690 (1991) No Month.

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