Catalyst – solid sorbent – or support therefor: product or process – Catalyst or precursor therefor – Metal – metal oxide or metal hydroxide
Patent
1996-09-12
1998-04-07
Caldarola, Glenn
Catalyst, solid sorbent, or support therefor: product or process
Catalyst or precursor therefor
Metal, metal oxide or metal hydroxide
502331, 568861, 208143, 208 81, B01J 2372, C07C 2700, C10G 1900, C10G 4500
Patent
active
057364842
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to novel catalysts which are suitable for hydrogenating organic compounds. It furthermore relates to a process for preparing them, their use for preparing medicinal white oil, highly pure medicinal paraffins and low-boiling low-aromatic or aromatic-free hydrocarbon mixtures, and processes for preparing these substances.
Nickel-containing catalysts are often used in industrial plants for hydrogenating organic compounds such as aromatics and amines. EP-A 335 222 describes a process for preparing nickel-containing catalysts of this type, which furthermore contain aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide and, alternatively, silicon dioxide. The active materials are obtained by simultaneous precipitation from a solution containing soluble salts of said metals at pH 7 to 10 by means of a basic compound and are processed by filtration, drying and reduction to give the active catalyst. The catalysts thus obtained can indeed be employed for a multiplicity of different hydrogenation reactions, but their mechanical hardness is unsatisfactory in many cases, ie. the catalysts break up easily when filling industrial reactors or, due to their mechanical disintegration, have an unacceptable lifetime.
It was therefore the object to make available nickel-containing catalysts which do not have these disadvantages.
Modern processes for preparing medicinal white oils operate according to a multistage hydrogenation process. DE-A 23 66 264 and EP-A 96 289 thus describe a two-stage process in which petroleum fractions having a boiling range of from 200.degree. to 550.degree. C. are hydrogenated to give medicinal white oils. In the first hydrogenation stage, the oils employed which, if desired, are previously solvent-refined and deparaffinized are refined on sulfur-resistant hydrogenation catalysts to give industrial white oils. In a second stage, these white oils are further hydrogenated to give medicinal white oils, a nickel-containing catalyst being used in this stage.
The processing of crude paraffins obtained by deparaffinization by means of a two-stage process, in a similar way to the preparation of medicinal white oils, to give highly pure paraffins is described in EP-A 262 389.
A plurality of catalysts for said hydrogenations have already been proposed.
EP-A 290 100 describes supported catalysts containing from 5 to 40% by weight of nickel on aluminum oxide. Nickel-containing supported catalysts containing aluminum oxide as a support material having a BET surface area of from 130 to 190 m.sup.2 /g are likewise described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,055,481.
DE-A 23 66 264 relates to catalysts which are prepared by precipitation of aqueous solutions which can contain, inter alia, nickel and aluminum. EP-A 96 289 describes a catalyst containing nickel as an active metal on silica.
In the preparation of medicinal white oils and highly pure paraffins, the object consists, inter alia, in a reduction of the aromatic content to a value which does not exceed that fixed by the relevant statutory regulations. The catalyst employed for this hydrogenation must already have a high hydrogenation activity at low operating temperatures, since increased temperatures shift the thermodynamic equilibrium for hydrogenation of the aromatics to the side of the starting substances. Undesired side reactions additionally occur at higher temperatures, eg. due to cleavage of hydrocarbons, which lead to an impairment of product quality by reduction of the viscosity, the flash point and/or the boiling curve. The abovementioned catalysts do not fulfill this requirement of low operating temperature or only fulfill it to an unsatisfactory extent. The employment of catalysts which can be used at a low operating temperature or else brought directly into an industrial plant without prior thermal activation provides a great advantage in industrial operation by shortening the start times and reducing the energy input.
It was therefore a further object to find catalysts for preparing medicinal white oil and highly pure medicinal paraffins and low-boi
REFERENCES:
patent: 4786402 (1988-11-01), Anstock et al.
patent: 4920089 (1990-04-01), VanBeek
patent: 4956328 (1990-09-01), Froning
patent: 5068468 (1991-11-01), Schossig et al.
Erdbrugger Cristina Freire
Irgang Matthias
Polanek Peter
Schwahn Harald
BASF - Aktiengesellschaft
Boozer Tanaga A.
Caldarola Glenn
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