Hydraulic and earth engineering – Bank – shore – or bed protection – Revetment
Reexamination Certificate
1997-01-21
2001-10-23
Will, Thomas B. (Department: 3673)
Hydraulic and earth engineering
Bank, shore, or bed protection
Revetment
C405S032000, C405S033000, C405S258100, C442S304000, C442S318000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06305875
ABSTRACT:
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to a three-dimensional net which can be suitably used widely for various kinds of netting such as vegetation netting for the preservation of slopes and the establishment and stabilization of greenery on slopes, water collection and drainage netting and protective netting for residential areas, netting for protecting rock faces, safety netting for building use, netting for use as a thermal insulating material and netting for sports use and for medical use and so on, as a material for industrial uses such as core materials of cushions and mats and cores for reinforcing various kinds of moldings and the like, and for clothing and various other uses, and to a vegetation planting method for planting vegetation on a slope using this net.
BACKGROUND ART
Conventionally, for example in vegetation planting work with the object of preserving a slope and stabilizing greenery on the slope, a net made of wire netting or synthetic resin material has been set on the slope to prevent sliding of earth and sand and then planting materials such as seeds and topsoil have been blown onto the net. However, with this planting method, when due to wind and rain the planting material has been easily washed away or scattered or has slid away together with earth, the plants have not completely adhered and the objective of establishing greenery has not been achieved.
For this reason, recently, vegetation nets wherein braid parts forming meshes are of a three-dimensional structure such as a wall shape have been proposed (for example in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. H.3-183820). However, in the case of this kind of net, in addition to the fact that the larger the size of the meshes (mesh openings) is made the smaller the effect of preventing earth and sand sliding becomes, there have been problems of poor shape retention of the three-dimensional braid parts, deformation such as bending and collapsing has occurred, the meshes have spread excessively and bulging of the net has occurred, and consequently problems of unsatisfactory earth and sand sliding prevention and vegetation material holding effect have arisen.
When on the other hand the meshes are made too small, in addition to the fact that the net actually obstructs the adhering and rearing of plants, the amount of yarn used increases and the net itself becomes heavy and difficult to handle and also becomes expensive.
Also, in the case of a three-dimensional net knitted with a warp knitting machine such as a double Raschel machine from front and rear base nets and connecting yarns connecting together the two base nets, whereas it is usual to use a relatively soft and extendable monofilament yarn, in some applications such as vegetation netting and cushion materials, relatively hard netting having good shape stability is required.
For example in a vegetation net, as the connecting yarns, which hold the three-dimensional shape of the net, a relatively hard thread having good shape holding is required, and from the point of view of the net setting work it is preferable that the whole net be quite hard and have good shape retention. On the other hand, from the point of view of ease of handling and carrying, a rather flexible net is preferable and it is not desirable that the whole net be made hard.
It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a three-dimensional net which as a result of comprising a net of a small mesh size has good retention of its three-dimensional structure and net shape and is strong and can well maintain characteristics resulting from its three-dimensional structure such as bulging of the net being prevented and furthermore is light and easy to handle and easy to set and can be suitably used as vegetation netting and in various other applications, and particularly to provide a net which when used as a vegetation net or a protecting net for a slope has a superior effect of preventing earth and sand sliding and preventing the runoff and scattering of vegetation material.
Another object of the invention is to provide a net the shape retention of parts forming net mesh spaces of which as a three-dimensional net is good and whose air permeability and water permeability and water retention are excellent, and also to provide a three-dimensional net which by being combined with other materials such as wadding or being combined with sheet materials can be given functions not had by conventional nets.
Further object of the invention is to provide a vegetation planting method for planting vegetation on a slope or the like in which method above-described three-dimensional net are used.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The present invention was made to solve the problems described above, and a first aspect of the invention provides a three-dimensional net made by warp knitting and comprising front and rear base nets and connecting yarns connecting together the front and rear base nets with a predetermined space therebetween, wherein braid parts forming meshes of each of the front and rear base nets comprise one or a plurality of wales, the meshes of a first of the front and rear base nets are larger than the meshes of a second of the front and rear base nets, the front and rear base nets are connected together by the connecting yarns being passed between all the braid parts of the first base net and braid parts of the second base net facing the braid parts of the first net, connecting parts formed by the connecting yarns form net mesh spaces corresponding to the large meshes of the first base net and braid parts of the second base net not connected to the first base net by the connecting yarns form a plurality of small meshes inside the net mesh spaces.
With this three-dimensional net, bending deformation and the like of the connecting parts forming the three-dimensional net mesh spaces can be limited by the braid parts of the first base net forming the small meshes inside the net mesh spaces which do not have connecting yarns attached thereto, the shape retention of the three-dimensional state and the net mesh spaces is good, the net mesh spaces do not expand excessively and bulging of the net when it is set on a slope or the like is prevented.
A second aspect of the invention provides a three-dimensional net similarly made by warp knitting wherein braid parts forming meshes of each of the base nets comprise one or a plurality of wales, the base nets are connected together by the connecting yarns being passed between one in every two or more of the braid parts of each of the base nets, connecting parts formed by the connecting yarns form net mesh spaces larger than the meshes of the base nets and braid parts of the base nets not connected by the connecting yarns form a plurality of small meshes inside the net mesh spaces.
In the case of this aspect of the invention, because braid parts forming the small meshes inside the net mesh spaces which do not have connecting yarns attached thereto exist on both the front side and the rear side, bending deformation of the connecting parts forming the three-dimensional net mesh spaces can be limited by braid parts on both the front side and the rear side, the shape retention of the three-dimensional state of the net and the net mesh spaces is even better and the net mesh spaces do not expand excessively and the connecting parts do not collapse.
Also, in a three-dimensional net of either of the aspects of the invention described above, because the braid parts of the front and rear base nets are made up of one or a plurality of wales the tensile strength of these braid parts is high.
In particular, according to a third aspect of the invention, in a three-dimensional net of either of the aspects of the invention described above the braid parts of the front and rear base nets each comprise chain stitching yarns of one or a plurality of wales and an inlay yarn cross-swing inlaid into this, and as a result the braid parts are even stronger and do not break easily.
According to a fourth aspect of the invention, in a three-dimensional net of any of the aspects d
Asahi Doken Kabushiki Kaisha
Jordan and Hamburg LLP
Lee Jong-Suk
Will Thomas B.
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