Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Whole live micro-organism – cell – or virus containing – Fungus
Patent
1996-12-16
1998-09-22
Low, Christopher S. F.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Whole live micro-organism, cell, or virus containing
Fungus
424405, 424 931, 424 9321, 424 933, 424 9351, 4352541, 435911, A01N 6300
Patent
active
058110925
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This application is a 35U.S.C.371 filing of PCT/FR95/00785 filed 14 Jun. 1995.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a new nematophagous agent intended to combat nematodes of the Meloidogyne genus, and a process to combat the proliferation of these nematodes, by utilizing new strains of the mushroom Arthrobotrys conoides Drechsler.
STATE OF THE ART
It has been known for long that phytophagous nematodes cause an important loss, valued at three billion francs per year, to cultures. The most widespread species, causing the most important loss around the world belong to the Meloidogyne genus. Indeed, this genus, better known as <<gall nematodes >> among farmers, is responsible for the formation of galls on the radicular system of the infected plants. These extremely polyphagous nematodes attack almost any culture, and are thus responsible for disastrous yield loss, in the order of 50 to 70%.
In many areas, Heteodera carotae specifically causes damage to carrot cultures, insofar as its stings release an abnormal production of lateral rootlets on carrots, which become unmarketable.
Another nematode, Ditylenchus myceliophagus, causes important damage to the surgeous agaric in mushroom beds.
To combat these nuisances, farmers have several means available, which, in intensive farming, come down to: bromide, trichloronitromethane, dichloropropene. . . ). These products, which have a very broad efficiency spectrum, sterilize the soil and destroy the ecological balance. Moreover, in light soils, their residue may end up in the ground water, and in heavy soils, their efficiency decreases because of low diffusion. products conveyed by the sap (carbamates or oligophosphorous elements) for inedible productions, such as floral cultures or tree nurseries. These products are dangerous for both animals and humans as they get into the plant and leave some toxic remnants in it.
Both techniques only affect the first thirty centimeters of soil. Nevertheless, nematodes living at a greater depth will infect the cured area again during the culture to come. It implies never-ending disinfections.
Moreover, as they are toxic to humans, several nematode killing chemicals are forbidden in many countries, such as Netherlands, Switzerland, Germany.
OVERVIEW OF THE INVENTION
Therefore, the object of the invention is to use a natural nematode combating agent, harmless to men and to their environment.
Therefore, the invention relates to a new nematophagous agent intended to combat nematodes of the Meloidogyne, Heterodera and Ditylenchus myceliophagus genus, chosen among six strains of the Arthrobotrys conoides Dreschler mushroom.
Another aspect of the invention is a process to combat nematodes of the Meloidogyne, Heterodera and Ditylenchus myceliophagus genus, consisting in blending the Arthrobotrys conoides Dreschler mushroom to the cultivation soil by means of grains previously seeded with the mushroom inoculum.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The objects and characteristics of the present invention are presented in the following description, in connection with the attached drawings, illustrating some aspects of the invention.
FIG. 1 schematically presents a conidiophore and the conidia of the strains Arthrobotrys conoides, according to the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the traps formed by the strains Arthrobotrys conoides according to the invention, to catch nematodes.
FIG. 3 is a table of the results obtained with a electrophoresis gel used to differentiate the different strains of Arthrobotrys conoides.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The six strains of Arthrobotrys conoides Dreschler, subject of the invention, come from different places. The main criterion to check whether the different strains belong to the same species is the measurement of the conidia (reproduction organs of these mushrooms).
As illustrated on FIG. 1, the conidia are gathered in groups of 20 or 30 on a conidiophore. The conidiophores may develop further after a first conidia head and form a second gro
REFERENCES:
patent: 4421544 (1983-12-01), Jones et al.
patent: 4666714 (1987-05-01), Cayrol
Database Biosis, Biosciences Information Service, Philadelphia, PA, Abstract No. 74:42115, Al-Hazmi A S et al., "The Effect of Arthrobotrys-Conoides on Meloidogyne-Incognita Population Densities in Corn as Influenced by Temperature Fungus Inoculum Density and Time of Fungus Introduction in the Soil".
Database Biosis, Biosciences, Information Service, Philadelphia, PA, Abstract No. 88:78086, Kim H K et al. "Decrease of Nematode Population by Introduction of Nematophagous Fungi into the soil as affected by inoculum Concentration and Temperature In-vitro".
Chemical Abstracts, vol. 85, No. 19, 1976, Columbus, OH: Abstract No 138578; S. DIBS "Side-effects of Systemic Fungicides of Systemic Fungicides on Plant-Parasitic Nematodes and Nematode-Tapping Fungi".
ATCC Catalog, Jong et al. (eds.) 1987 American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, MD. pp. xii and 24.
IDRO 2000 S.A.
Low Christopher S. F.
LandOfFree
Nematophage agent against nematodes of the meloidogyne genus does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Nematophage agent against nematodes of the meloidogyne genus, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Nematophage agent against nematodes of the meloidogyne genus will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-1620085