Neighborhood housing arrangement

Details Neighborhood housing arrangement Neighborhood housing arrangement

2002-05-08

2004-02-10

Friedman, Carl D. (Department: 3635)

Static structures (e.g., buildings)

Specified terranean relationship

Geographic

C052S169200, C052S234000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06688052

ABSTRACT:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
(1) Physically, the present invention lies in the field of knowledge of physical primarily residential neighborhood design, and relates to a physical arrangement of residential buildings in a defined neighborhood.
(2) Functionally, the origins of and intended outcomes from the present invention span other fields of knowledge. A sweeping review of numerous fields of knowledge in the behavioral sciences gave birth to the present invention. The intended results from the present invention (a) include improved satisfaction of basic human needs and thus enhanced quality of life, and (b) lie squarely in the behavioral sciences.
2. Information Disclosure Statement
(3) The following patents appear to be relevant to the present invention: Finnegan, U.S. Pat. No. 4,007,565, issued Feb. 15, 1977; Jones, U.S. Pat. No. 4,852,313, issued Aug. 1, 1989; and Scizak, U.S. Pat. No. 4,736,556, issued Apr. 12, 1988.
(4) The Finnegan U.S. Pat. No. 4,007,565 patent discloses an arrangement of dwelling modules in a substantially U-shaped configuration about an auto court, and proposed to enhance motor vehicle convenience for a small cluster of patio homes with vehicle patios in the front and small courtyard patios in the rear of housing modules. The “Abstract of the Disclosure” of the Finnegan U.S. Pat. No. 4,007,565 patent states: “A family dwelling-land development arrangement with a high building-to-land area ratio including a dwelling module comprising a plurality of individual and separate and spaced apart single family dwellings disposed in a substantially U-shaped configuration about an auto court with an open end adequate to accommodate passage of automobiles. The module includes a plurality of automobile shelters adjacent said dwellings and opening to the auto court to accommodate automobiles passing through the opening to the interior of the configuration.”
(5) The Jones U.S. Pat. No. 4,852,313 patent discloses “A housing arrangement and method for maximizing the number of houses with a line of sight to a view, with the arrangement comprising a plurality of lots arranged side-by-side adjacent a view and along an imaginary arcuate string line which is connectable to other such string lines along an undulating path to define successive peaks closer to the view and valleys farther from the view, so that all lots thereby have a line of sight to the view, with each lot are preferably each characterized by a building perimeter layout or envelope of predetermined configuration and orientation to enable substantially identical buildings to be placed on all of the lots.”
(6) The Scizak U.S. Pat. No. 4,736,556 patent discloses a housing arrangement of closely clustered houses to take maximum advantage of the sun and provide good buffering from annoyances and disturbances. The “Abstract of the Disclosure” of the Scizak U.S. Pat. No. 4,736,556 states: “A housing arrangement in two columns of lots with a staggered configuration such that all the houses in the lots may face in the same direction so as to take advantage of ambient conditions while simultaneously providing optimum land-use efficiency and privacy for the occupants of every lot in their dwellings and back yards. The configuration of structures also provide numerous advantages such as security, noise buffering, avoidance of visual pollution, convenient access to the back yard, ability to change columnar direction to follow the geographic and physical contours of the area, and ease of placement of utility lines and passive solar devices.”
(7) Present invention differentiated from three prior patents. Prior patents cited herein reside in the field of building construction either (a) producing physical building outcomes, such as spatial economy of physical building site space (Finnegan U.S. Pat. No. 4,007,565); maximizing solar energy (Scizak U.S. Pat. No. 4,736,556); maximizing the view of other residences from any given residence (Jones U.S. Pat. No. 4,852,313); and optimizing motor vehicle access or traffic (Jones and Scizak Patents) or (b) referring to general behavioral outcomes in the usual manner of the building trades, e.g., “security, . . . avoidance of visual pollution, convenient access to the back yard” (Scizak patent). To their credit, prior patents cited here do set forth a unique combination of features, which comprises more than a list of features from which builders can pick and choose. Never has there been an invention in the present field of invention to: (a) Clearly list and number a finite set of its specific necessary features; (b) arrange those specific numbered necessary features to produce a unique physical Neighborhood Housing Arrangement; (c) make clear reference to selected findings from disciplines including clinical psychology, social psychology, environmental psychology, sociology, urban planning, behavioral architecture, aesthetics, criminology, and traffic engineering with the expressed intent of predicting behavioral outcomes; (d) uniquely synthesize the physical design with multidisciplinary theory and research to produce a neighborhood arrangement to optimize satisfaction of human needs; (e) provide clearly stated links between the physical design and behaviors relating to human need satisfaction; and (f) supply additional detailed specific lists of ancillary (desirable but not necessary) features of physical, financial, social, and research design features to further characterize and thus help distinguish the present invention as unique.
(8) Description of Prior Art
(9) The following non-patent references appear to be relevant to the present invention:
(10) Coleman, A. (1990)
Utopia on trial: Vision and reality in planned housing
(2nd ed.). London, England: Hilary Shipman.
(11) Congress for the New Urbanism (2002)
Charter of the new Urbanism
. San Francisco, Calif.: Congress for the New Urbanism. Retrieved Feb. 26, 2002, from http:/cnu.org/cnu_reports/Charter.pdf
(12) Consumer Reports (1996, May) Neighborhoods reborn.
Consumer Reports
, 61(5), 24-30.
(13) Creese, W. L. (1966)
The search for environment: The garden city: Before and after
. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
(14) Duany, A., & Plater-Zyberk, E. (1992)
Towns and town
-
making principles
. New York, N.Y.: Rizzoli International.
(15) Eagleton Institute (1987) Desirability of living in different types of communities. (1987) Eagleton Institute of Politics, Rutgers University, cited in “Of settlements and subdivisions . . . ” by Harold S. Williams, position paper published by the Rensalaerville Institute. Rensalaerville, N.Y.: Rensalaerville Institute.
(16) Eppli, M. J., & Tu, C. C. (1999)
Valuing the new urbanism: The impact of the new urbanism on prices of single
-
family homes
. Washington, D. C.: Urban Land Institute.
(17) Flanders, J. P. (1976) Practical psychology. New York, N.Y.: Harper & Row.
(18) Flanders, J. P. (1982) A general systems approach to loneliness. In L. A. Peplau and D. Perlman (Eds.). (pp.166-179).
Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research, and therapy
. New York, N.Y.: Wiley-Interscience.
(19) Howard, E. (1898)
Garden cities of to
-
morrow
. London, England: Sonnenschein. (Pagination from Faber & Faber 1945 London, England edition)
(20) Jacobs, J, (1961)
The death and life of great American cities
. New York, N.Y.: Random House.
(21) Katz. P. (1994)
The new urbanism: Toward an architecture of community
. New York, N.Y.: McGraw-Hill.
(22) Kunstler, J. H. (1996)
Home from nowhere
. New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster.
(23) Miller, J. G. (1978)
Living systems
. New York, N.Y.: McGraw-Hill.
(24) National Crime Prevention Council (2002) Retrieved Sep. 26, 2000, from http//www. Crime Prevention through Environmental Design\NCPC CPTED.htm
(25) Nelessen, A. C. (1994)
Visions for a new American dream
. Chicago, Ill.: Planners Press.
(26) Newman, O. (1973)
Defensible space
. New York, N.Y.: Collier-Macmillan.
(27) Newman, O. (1996, April)
Creating defensible space
. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy

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