Negative dyes and coloration process using them

Details Negative dyes and coloration process using them Negative dyes and coloration process using them

1998-06-08

1999-10-19

Einsmann, Margaret

Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification

Reactive dye composition, process, or product

8549, 5441932, 544194, 544204, 544212, 544217, 534635, C09B 6204, D06P 366

Patent

active

059682086

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to reactive dyes, their preparation and use.
The use of a reactive dyes for colouring cellulosic substrates has been known for many years. Environmental legislation has lead to stricter controls on dyehouse effluent, e.g. waters containing salt and unfixed dye, and effluent disposal now represents a major cost to dyehouses. To reduce such costs there is a need for reactive dyes which can be used in a way which produces less effluent, for example dyes having high fixation efficiency and/or requiring less salt during the fixation process. Reactive dyes having these properties and the ability to build-up to high depths of shade would be particularly valuable.
According to the present invention there is provided a process for the coloration of a substrate comprising applying thereto at a pH above 7 a water-soluble reactive dye comprising at least three chromophoric groups linked to a polyamine.
The water-soluble reactive dye preferably comprises 3, 4 or 5, more preferably 3 or 4, especially 3 chromophoric groups linked to a polyamine. The chromophoric groups can be different from each other, but they are preferably identical to each other.
The polyamine to which the chromophoric groups are linked preferably consists of at least three amino groups, more preferably three to six, especially three or four amino groups, joined together by optionally substituted aliphatic groups. The amino groups are preferably attached to one or two --CH.sub.2 -- groups (as illustrated in --HN--CH.sub.2 -- and --CH.sub.2 --N(-)--CH.sub.2 --). Preferred polyamines are linear polyamines, for example of the formula (I), or branched polyamines, for example of formula (II), wherein each R.sup.1 independently is H or optionally substituted alkyl, n has a value of 2 to 10, preferably 2 to 6, more preferably 2, and p has a value of 2 to 6, more preferably 2 or 3: ##STR1##
Reactivity of the dyes is preferably provided by means of a reactive triazine group linking the chromophoric groups to amino groups in the polyamine. The reactive triazine group is preferably an s-triazine group having a labile atom or group at the 2-,4- or 6-position, for example a group of the formula: ##STR2## wherein Y is a labile atom or group.
In light of the above preference for amino groups being attached to --CH.sub.2 -- groups and the chromophoric groups being linked to the nitrogen atoms byimeans of reactive triazine groups it is preferred for the water-soluble reactive dyes to contain at least 3, more preferably 3,4 or 5, especially 3 or 4, more especially 3 groups of the formula (III): ##STR3## wherein:
m is from 1 to 6;
Q is H or optionally substituted alkyl or alkylene;
Y is a labile atom or group; and
D is a chromophoric group.
Preferably m is 2, 3 or 4, more preferably 2 or 3, especially 2.
Q is preferably H, C.sub.1-4 -alkyl or C.sub.2-4 -alkylene, more preferably H, methyl or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, especially H or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --.
As will be understood, when Q is H or optionally substituted alkyl the chromophoric group D is a chain terminating chromophoric group and when Q is optionally substituted alkylene then D is a pendent chromophoric group. Thus a dye comprising three chromophoric groups linked to diethylene triamine would have two terminating chromophoric groups and one pendent chromophoric group. When the polyamine is tris(2-aminoethyl)amine the corresponding dye would have three terminating chromophoric groups and zero pendent chromophoric groups.
One preferred class of dye, which presents one aspect of the invention, is of the formula N(Z).sub.3 wherein each Z independently is of the formula (III) defined above, with the proviso that Q is H or optionally substituted alkyl, preferably H or C.sub.1-4 -alkyl, especially H.
A second preferred class of dye which may be used in the process is of the formula (IV): ##STR4## wherein
t is2, 3or 4;
r is3, 4or 5;
q is (t+3)-r; and
Y, R.sup.1, m and D are as hereinbefore defined.
Dyes of formula (III) wherein at least one D is a chromophore other than an azo chromophore form

REFERENCES:
patent: 4038267 (1977-07-01), Sueda et al.
patent: 4230852 (1980-10-01), Sueda et al.

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