Plant protecting and regulating compositions – Plant growth regulating compositions – Plural active ingredients
Reexamination Certificate
2002-11-26
2004-06-29
Qazi, Sabiha (Department: 1616)
Plant protecting and regulating compositions
Plant growth regulating compositions
Plural active ingredients
C504S119000, C504S116100, C514S783000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06756341
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a natural herbicide for weed removal, and more particularly, pertains to a natural herbicide made from non-toxic and environmentally safe components that selectively kills and controls crabgrass, chickweed, clover, and basket grass.
The use of herbicides to kill and control a broad spectrum of weeds is known in the prior art. More specifically, chemical herbicides heretofore devised and utilized are the main products used for the purpose of weed control for ornamental and agricultural plants. Control of weeds is very beneficial when it permits the selective control of such plants without concurrent injury to desirable vegetation.
Chemical herbicides are classified according to the type of activity they possess. A given compound may have more than one type of activity depending upon its mode of application and the rate at which it is applied. In addition, natural herbicides are usually classified as selective or non-selective pre-emergents or post-emergents. An effective pre-emergence herbicide is one, which is selective in its nature. This means that the compound can kill the seed and germinated seedlings of undesirable plants without harm to the seed and germinated seedlings of the desirable plant; there will not be any problem of over penetration of the soil by the herbicide. Post-emergence herbicides are applied after the plant and weed have reached a substantial height. In general, a compound found to have post-emergence activity would not be selective. Herbicide types include defoliants, desiccants, eradicants, systemics and selective herbicide, and related plant growth regulants.
One of the oldest and most successful selective herbicide is 2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid commonly known as 2,4-D, is a member of the phenoxy family of natural herbicides, which was the first widely used organic natural herbicide. The phenoxy herbicides were so effective and economical for selectively controlling broadleaf weeds in grass corps that they put selective weed control in the public spotlight worldwide. Since 1945, phenoxy herbicides have provided very economical, selective, postemergence control of broadleaf weeds in grass corps and noncropland. According to the National Agricultural Pesticide Impact Assessment Program, it was reported that the phenoxy herbicides have been used for approximately 51 years with little or no acute or chronic toxicity to humans. Yet, still there is indication that the National Cancer Institute and naturalists are not satisfied with studies that have findings showing no relationship between cancer and the use of phenoxy family of herbicides, specifically, 2-4 D.
Other commonly known chemical herbicides are as follows. Arsenical herbicides include cacodylic acid and the salts of monomethylarsinic acid and dimethylarsinic acid. Cacodylic acid is a defoliating or desiccating contact herbicide. Arsenic acid salts have lower contact toxicity and act through absorption.
Carbamate and thiocarbamate herbicides include Belanal, Betanex, Sutan, Eptam, and similar trademark products. These herbicides usually are applied to the soil and are taken up through the root systems.
Carboxylic acid herbicides are illustrated by commercial products such as Banvel, Garlon and 2,4-D. Various of these herbicides can be applied to the soil or to foliage, and are effective against broad leaf weeds.
Dinitroaniline herbicides include Balan and Treflan commercial products, which are applied to the soil to inhibit root growth and shoot growth, and exhibit low translocation.
Heterocyclic nitrogen-containing herbicides are illustrated by Aatrex, Basagran, Sencor and Velpar, which are applied to the soil for pre-emergent control.
Organophosphate compounds are useful as plant growth regulators and herbicides. This type of organic biocide structure is illustrated by Bensulide and Betasan.
Urea herbicides are nonselective and usually are soil applied. Urea-type commercial products include Lorox and Tupersan.
Quaternary herbicides include commercial products such as Avenge, Diquat and Paraquat, which have utility as contact foliars.
Finally, other commercially available herbicides include Atrazine, Bentazon, Bromacil, Casoron, Chloroamben, Delapon, Diuron, Fluometuron, Glphosate, Linuron, Picloram, Trifluralin, and the like.
Crabgrass/crows foot/goose grass is a coarse grass with a cluster of tillers that arise from a central part of the plant and has flattened stems. It belongs to the grass family poaceae and is reproduced primarily by seeds. Large crabgrass can be reproduced by long, rooting tillers. Most persons see crabgrass as a major weed that infests home lawns. Crabgrass has tremendous survival reproductive capabilities.
Crabgrass can be controlled by pre-emergence natural herbicides or post-emergence natural herbicides. Generally, the natural herbicide is chosen according to the type of turf grass desired. Popular pre-emergence herbicides used to control crabgrass are: benefin, DCPA, napropamide, bdnsulide, oryzaline, pendimethalin, dithiopyr, proiamine, atrazine, oxadiaxon, atrazine, and isoxaben. Commonly known post-emergence herbicides for control of crabgrass are: asulam, sethoxydim, MSMA and CMA.
Chickweed is low-growing, has bright green leaves and a small white flower with a star shape. Chickweed is part of the pink family Caryophyllaceae. Chickweed can be controlled by pre-emergence or post-emergence herbicides. Basket grass/Indian basket grass belongs to the lily family Liliaceae and is controlled by pre-emergence or post-emergence herbicides. Popular pre-emergence herbicides used to control chickweed, and basket grass are: benefin, DCPA, napropamide, bdnsulide, oryzaline, pendimethalin, dithiopyr, prolamine, atrazine, oxadiaxon, atrazine, and isocaben. Commonly known postemergence herbicides for control of chickweed and basket grass are: asulam, sethoxydim, MSMA and CMA.
Clover is another weed that is considered to be a nuisance. Clover is a perennial low-growing weed with a whitish flower. Clover spreads by seeds and generally has 3 dark green leaflets to a leaf. Clover belongs to the family Papilionaceae. The best way to control clover is with selective post-emergence herbicide.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,323,153 disclosed a method for controlling vegetation using herbicidal composition containing carboxylic or phoshonic acid salt. One of the vegatations being controlled is crabgrass. The carboxylic or phosphonic acid salt is an alkali salt of at least one acid selected from an aminopoycarboxylic acid, an aliphatic carboxylic acid, a hydroxycarboxylic acid, an amino acid, an ether polycarboxylic acid, a phosphonic acid and a polyposphonic acid.
There are at least four ways to control crabgrass without chemicals: 1) adjust the mowing height of your lawn mower so that the desired grass, tall grass, which requires a lot of nutrients to thrive; and as such, starves out the crabgrass; 2) fertilize more because the higher and healthier the desired grass grows, the more nutrients it steals from the crabgrass; 3) take black mulching paper of black plastic and cover the entire infested area for about ten days, this will kill the crabgrass; or 4) irrigate deeply and frequently, then do not water again until there is the first sign of drought stress. Researchers have found these chemical-free methods to be just as effective, though maybe not as quick, in eliminating these weeds.
Many of the four methods listed above can also be used to control chickweed, basket grass, and clover.
Therefore, it can be appreciated that there exists a continuing need for a non-toxic product that contains compounds that have been determined to be non-carcinogenic by the EPA, specifically, not having a rating in Class A, “known carcinogens,” Class B, “probable carcinogens,” or Class C, “Possible carcinogens.” In this regard, the present invention fulfills this need.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is a natural herbicide for weed removal that can be safely used by lawn care professionals or anyone desiring to control such weeds a
Pendorf & Cutliff
Qazi Sabiha
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