MULTIPLE QUALITY DATA CREATION ENCODER, MULTIPLE QUALITY...

Coded data generation or conversion – Digital code to digital code converters

Reexamination Certificate

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C341S051000, C341S107000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06756921

ABSTRACT:

TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to an apparatus and a system for providing receive data of various kinds of quality level from send data mainly because of sender's intention in a sending/receiving apparatus for data including precise image data used for such as a facsimile, the Internet, an image database.
BACKGROUND ART
In the following, related art of the invention will be explained.
FIGS. 35 and 36
are block diagrams showing configurations of conventional encoder and decoder. In an encoder of
FIG. 35
, data sequence
501
is input to a modeling unit
502
A, data value
503
and a parameter (for encoding)
504
are sequentially output, the data value is encoded at an encoding unit
505
, and a code sending unit
506
outputs code
507
.
In a decoder of
FIG. 36
, the code
507
is input to a code receiving unit
508
, and a decoding unit
509
decodes the data value
503
to be decoded using the parameter (for decoding)
504
sequentially input from a modeling unit
502
B and the code
507
, and decoded data value
503
is output to the modeling unit
502
B to output the data sequence
501
.
Here, conventionally, the encoder keeps data contents confidential by switching lines for exchanging bits by a data bit switch, as shown in
FIG. 37
, by input (point A) of the data sequence
501
shown in
FIG. 35
, or by encrypting the data with an encryptor as shown in
FIG. 38
, which encrypts the data using an ExOR with random number generated by a random number generator
561
constructed based on an encryption key
560
, at output (point B) of the code
507
.
In the conventional decryptor, the encrypted data is decrypted into the origianl code
507
using the ExOR with the same random number with the encoder at input (point B) of the code
507
as shown in
FIG. 36
, or the data is returned to the original data sequence
501
by exchanging bits at output (point A) of the data sequence
501
.
As described above, conventionally, the encoder or the decoder is configured to employ encryption at point A or point B and to reproduce the original data sequence from the encoded data, independent from the encoding (compression) unit or the decoding (uncompression) unit.
With respect to such conventional technique, for example, the Japanese unexamined patent publication No. 8-331395, “Multiple Value Image Sending Apparatus” discloses a case in which the data is integrated by switching bits or using a simple logical conversion of bit value. Further, the Japanese unexamined patent publication No. 7-111646, “Scrambling Apparatus, Descrambling Apparatus, and Signal Processing Apparatus” discloses a case of encryption explained above. Further, the Japanese unexamined patent publication No. 8-181966, “Sending Apparatus, Receiving Apparatus, and Communication Processing System” discloses a case in which the data is encoded by distributing to plural layers and the encoded data is encrypted with various confidential strength. Yet further, the Japanese unexamined patent publication No. 9-205630, “Television Signal Sending/Receiving Method, and Television Signal Sending/Receiving Apparatus” discloses a case in which the data is encoded/sent by distributing to plural channels and the reproduction quality of receive data is made different by not reproducing a part of the receive data based on an access right or a kind of right, which the receiver holds.
As one example of conventional encoding method, an encryption employing arithmetic encoding which can obtain high compression ratio will be explained. The most representative encoder/decoder for arithmetic encoding is QM-Coder described in ITU-T, International Standard Recommendation T.82 and T.81. Generally, the arithmetic encoding performs optimization by learning the change of characteristics in order to decrease the reduction of the compression ratio, while the conventional encoding cannot increase the compression ratio since the encoding cannot trace the change of characteristics of the data. In particular, to determine parameters for encoding/decoding, the encoded/decoded data is referred to and the parameter is updated by feeding back the encoded/decoded result. Accordingly, when an error occurs in the decoding process, the decoder cannot generate/select a common parameter with the encoder after that, which generates a fatal error to the decoded data.
The features of the arithmetic encoding is used in some conventional arts such as the Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 5-56267, “Encoding/Decoding Method”, in which a dummy bit is added to the top of the arithmetic code generated or at an interval of predetermined bits, the code bit is inverted, or the table value is converted. The Japanese Unexamined patent Publication No. 6-112840, “Encoding/Decoding Method and Apparatus” discloses a case in which an initial value of a certain effective region that is an arithmetic encoding parameter is changed. Further, the Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 11-073102, “Secret Key Encryption/Decryption Method and Apparatus” discloses a case in which an initial value of the effective region and estimated probability, or assigned region range is changed. The above related arts treat the changed value as an encryption key.
Before concrete explanation of the arithmetic encoding, a concept of the binary value arithmetic encoding will be described referring to FIG.
39
. In arithmetic encoding, a coordinate value of binary floating-point number which is equal to or greater than 0.0 and less than 1.0 on the number line becomes a code. In the encoding process, the above range on the number line is assumed as the effective region and is divided based on the occurrence probability of the binary symbol, and a partial region corresponding to a symbol which actually occurs is treated as a new effective region and the above division will be repeated. MPS (ore Probable Symbol) means that a data value having more occurrence probability occurs, while LPS (Less Probable Symbol) means that a data value having less occurrence probability occurs. One coordinate value within the effective region updated by the final symbol is output as a code. During the encoding process, the code is operated as a lower limit value of the effective region, and updated as well as the effective region which is a difference between an upper limit value and the lower limit value within the figure. The code can be a coordinate value having the smallest number of effective digits after truncating 0s consecutively appeared to the last digit of the coordinate value. At this time, the code bit which is lacked at decoding can be compensated with truncated 0. Or the code bit which is truncated at encoding and compensated at decoding can be 1 if the values of manipulating bit are coincided between the encoding unit and the decoding unit.
The binary value arithmetic encoding and decoding will be explained referring to FIG.
40
. In the figure, decimals on the number line show binary coordinate, the symbol 0 means MPS, and the symbol 1 means LPS. In encoding process, when an initial value of an interval A is set to 1.000, an initial value of a code C is set to 0.000, and a binary value sequence is DN=0101, the encoding will proceed as follows. The first binary data 0 matches the prediction value 0, and the symbol 0 (MPS) will be issued as “prediction match”. Then, the interval is updated by the interval A
0
. To facilitate, the explanation, the context is a data value which occurred previously to the current value, the corresponding region to the symbol is equally divided (generally, it is divided by ratio of the occurrence probability), and the LPS interval Al is placed at upper to the MPS interval A
0
. The context (the initial value) corresponding to the first binary data, which does not have the previous data value, is set to 0, the prediction value (the initial value) corresponding to the context 0, 1 are both set to 0, and the first reference is shown by a frame in the figure. Next, the second binary data 1 has the context of value 0 of the previous (first) data, w

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