Static structures (e.g. – buildings) – Transparent panel having active treatment with gas or liquid
Patent
1992-10-16
1995-02-07
Friedman, Carl D.
Static structures (e.g., buildings)
Transparent panel having active treatment with gas or liquid
E06B 366
Patent
active
053866720
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention is concerned with multiperformance glazing.
Glazing constitutes a weak point from the aspect of both heat and sound in present buildings. For improving its performance, besides traditional forms of protection numerous fixed devices are employed, such as double or triple panes, known as insulating panes, synthetic plates with cells, reflective or absorbent panes, films interposed between the panes, translucent insulation fixed between the panes (for example, glass wool, silica gel, synthetic fibres), photosensitive or electrosensitive panes, etc.
These devices being fixed, modification of the performance of glazing to satisfy the needs and taking into account external energy suppliers is not possible. Thus these types of glazing are good traps but not very good insulators or good insulators but poor traps.
Various solutions have been proposed for improving the performance of double glazing. The most interesting consist in replacing the traditional airspace confined between two panes by other retractable elements which may be gaseous, liquid or solid.
One first solution is to replace the ambient air by dehydrated air, which enables the risks to be eliminated of the ambient air being charged with fog and dust, but gives no improvement as regards heat or sound with respect
to the ambient air. A slight improvement in the thermal
insulation may be obtained when the filling is effected with a gas. This thermal improvement is very marked when
a vacuum is created in the enclosure (glazing known as
"evacuated"). The main disadvantages of enclosures having a gaseous filling, however, lie in particular on the one hand in that it is necessary to replace both panes in the event of breakage and on the other hand in the fragility of the gastight Joint and in the fact that these solutions necessitate complementary protective devices for solar obscuration. Again in the case of vacuum glazing the powerful reduced pressures created necessitate separating wedges.
This solution consists in making liquids (aqueous or oily liquids) which are coloured or charged with aggregates, circulate in one or more sheets of air by means of a pump. Such devices are described, for example, in the Swiss Patent No. 627818 and English Patent No. 2227043. The main advantage of this type of enclosure with respect to enclosures with gaseous filling is that filling is reversible and the liquids may be coloured. Their main disadvantage is that they cause very unfavourable thermal insulation and that they may even present risks of freezing or evaporation. Again, deposits may occur upon the panes, reducing their transparency. On the other hand the liquid filling necessitates particularly careful liquidtight joints.
The granules employed for the filling may be solid granules or semi-porous granules, semi-porous granules enabling good thermal insulation.
As with enclosures with liquid filling the main advantage of enclosures with solid filling is that the filling is reversible. On the other hand they have as their main disadvantages the high weight and volume of the filling matter and necessitate a very considerable apparatus for the circulation of the material.
The filling may be effected either with porous granules or with silica aerogels.
In the first case the porous granules, for example balls of expanded polystyrene, have the advantage of being very light, insulating and translucent. On the other hand these granules have the disadvantage of adhering to the panes if an antistatic solution is not applied periodically. Moreover, the resin of the polystyrene balls is sensitive to ultra-violet solar radiation, which causes them to become yellow and fragile.
Silica aerogels likewise have the advantage of enabling a very light and insulating filling. Moreover, they are perfectly transparent. Among their disadvantages may be mentioned the fact that veiling and obscuration must be ensured by other means, and also the instability of the gels. Moreover, their cost at present is very high. In addition the main disadvantage of this porous fi
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International Appl. WO89/03925.
Aubrey Beth A.
Browning Clifford W.
Friedman Carl D.
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