Communications: radio wave antennas – Antennas – With vehicle
Patent
1992-10-05
1995-10-10
Hajec, Donald
Communications: radio wave antennas
Antennas
With vehicle
343711, H01Q 132, H04B 708
Patent
active
054574676
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a combination of antenna having at least two individual antennae, whose output signals are combined.
2. Description of the Related Technology
Antenna combinations of this type are generally known and for example described in the book Meindke-Gundlach "Taschenbuch fur Hochfrequenztechnik" (Paperback for High Frequency Technology), 3rd Edition 1968, Page 496. These antennae combinations function as one individual antenna. In contrast to individual antennae, they have a higher gain and a changed radiation pattern with a tune-out in different directions.
It is not always possible or satisfactory to use antenna combinations of this type. In particular, if antennae of this type are to be used in mobile devices, such as vehicles, they can then, if at all, only be used in special cases as passive arrangements. The reason for this lies in the fact that the type of antenna combinations which are fitted to increase the gain, perform tune-outs. In conjunction with mobile devices, such as vehicles, however, it must be possible to receive signals with the vehicle aligned in any direction relative to the point of transmission. It is in fact fundamentally possible to track the receiving beams electronically in such cases. The costs as far as the wiring is concerned are, however, extremely high for this and in many cases cannot be justified.
When designing the structure of antennae on vehicles, special pre-requisites and rules apply, which mainly prevent the optimum dimensioning of the antennae with regard to the level of efficiency and the gain. The rod antenna, which is nowadays the most widely used, does in fact have a good level of efficiency but comes under criticism owing to its tendency for corrosion and damage and owing to its air resistance.
Alternatively, antennae integrated in the chassis, for example antennae in the rear windscreen, review mirror or bumper, have only a low level of efficiency particularly owing to the short distance to the metal in the chassis. This leads to noticeable losses in the reception quality, which can in fact be somewhat improved by the use of active antennae, but is, however, on the other hand associated with high costs as far as the wiring is concerned. In this case, it is nevertheless impossible to transmit with antennae of this type.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the invention is therefore to produce an antenna which is integrated in the vehicle and which has a sufficiently high level of efficiency and is not coupled to the passenger compartment.
Based on an antenna combination having at least two individual antennae, whose output signals are combined, the given object is achieved in accordance with the invention, in that the individual antennae are part of at least one substantially resonant electrical circuit occurring on an electrically conductive formed body.
On formed bodies made from metal, such as a car chassis or parts of a car chassis, but also on metal linings of flat roofs, on iron masts, tanks etc., antennae are always only part of a whole arrangement effective for receiving or transmitting. If a wave hits the electrically conductive formed body, possibly the surface of the vehicle or another special electrically conductive structure, superposed currents are formed there depending upon the wave length and the angle of incidence, and a combined electrical field to the vehicle or the structure of the metallic formed body.
It is possible by means of resonance effects to intensify considerably the currents and fields locally.
With current resonances, the surface current is connected to the electrical circuit by way of the di-electric displacement current. This current emerges at the end of the electrically conductive formed body located in the current resonance and at these points leads to an electric field intensity. In this connection, in order to improve the level of efficiency of the antenna combination, the fact is used in accordance with the invention, to the effect that the d
REFERENCES:
patent: 4564844 (1986-01-01), Bowering
patent: 4723127 (1988-02-01), Ohe et al.
patent: 4788549 (1988-11-01), Ohe et al.
patent: 4845505 (1989-07-01), Ohe et al.
patent: 5177494 (1993-01-01), Dorrie et al.
patent: 5177495 (1993-01-01), Davies
Lindenmeier et al., "UKW-Rundfunkempfang im Auto", Jul., 1977 pp. 40-44, Funkschau, vol. 49, No. 16.
Meinke et al., Taschenbuch der Hochfrequenztechnik, 3rd ed., 1968, p. 496.
Buck Walter
Schenkyr Dieter
Hajec Donald
Koch Robert J.
Le Hoang-anh
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