Liquid purification or separation – Particulate material type separator – e.g. – ion exchange or... – Spaced beds
Patent
1998-06-10
2000-10-10
Cintins, Ivars
Liquid purification or separation
Particulate material type separator, e.g., ion exchange or...
Spaced beds
210DIG5, 422257, B01D 2400
Patent
active
061298425
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention stems from a multi-phase extraction apparatus having at least two chambers, which are connected at their upper and lower parts by connection channels, which are equipped with dispersing devices, and which have nozzles for the feeding and discharge of a first and a second disperse phase.
A multi-phase extractor such as this can be used in the chemical, hydrometallurgical and microbiological industries, and in other branches of industry, for the separation, extraction, concentration and purification of substances.
Apparatuses for carrying out three-phase liquid extraction processes are known in the form of a two-chamber system, wherein the two chambers are connected to each other at their upper parts or comprise a porous partition wall. The chambers are filled with a continuous phase through which two dispersed phases, which are insoluble in the continuous phase, are passed in the form of droplets. Mass transfer is thereby effected from one dispersed phase (the raffinate phase), through the continuous phase (which is also termed the liquid membrane phase), into the other dispersed phase (the extract phase) (for example, see the journal "Theoretische Grundlagen der chemischen Technologie" 1984, Part 18, No. 6, pages 736-738).
These apparatuses are in need of improvement as regards their efficiency and their extension to multi-stage processes.
From a technical point of view and from the point of view of the effect which can be achieved, the three-phase extractor which consists of a first and a second chamber filled with the continuous phase (liquid membrane) comes closest to these known apparatuses. The chambers have devices for the dispersion of the respective phase, and are connected to each other by overflows for the circulation of the continuous phase. The overflows are constructed in the form of pipes which connect the upper and lower parts of each chamber to each other. The extractor is provided with nozzles for the feeding and discharge of the first and second dispersed phases (Russian Patent Application No. 94-015776/26 (015406) of Apr. 27, 1994).
The phase which is to be dispersed, which is the starting solution (raffinate), and the solvent (extract phase) are each broken down into droplets in the corresponding chamber, by means of a dispersing device. These droplets move through the continuous phase as a swarm of droplets. Due to the density differences between the emulsions in the first and second chambers, circulation of the continuous phase occurs through the top and bottom overflows, so that a transfer occurs of the substance to be extracted from one chamber into the other, and from the first phase to be dispersed into the second phase to be dispersed.
One disadvantage of this known three-phase extractor is that droplets of the dispersed phase are entrained from one chamber into the other by the continuously circulating continuous phase. This phenomenon, which results in a decrease in the efficacy of the apparatus and in contamination of the extract phase, is intensified in particular when there is an increase in the ratio of the mass flows of the raffinate phase and the extract phase, due to an increase in the driving force for circulation (difference between the densities of the emulsions in the first and second chambers).
When extraction is carried out for the concentration of substances from dilute solutions, e.g. for the concentration of metals from waste water, the ratio of the flows of the raffinate and extract may be greater than 50. The construction of said extractor is in need of improvement as regards processes of this type.
The object of the present invention consists of increasing the efficacy of this multi-phase extractor by reducing the entrainment effect.
This object is achieved according to the invention, starting from the apparatus described at the outset, by providing the chambers with separation zones which are equipped with coalescence-promoting packings and which are placed in the chambers in the region of the inlet openings of the connection channels.
The con
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patent: 5219533 (1993-06-01), Larson
XP002029205, Soviet Inventions Illustrated, dated 4-19-80.
Bayer Aktiengesellschaft
Cintins Ivars
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