Multilayered deep-bed filter material

Details Multilayered deep-bed filter material Multilayered deep-bed filter material

1995-10-06

1998-06-16

Smith, Duane S.

Gas separation

Two or more separators

Plies or layers of different characteristics or orientation

55487, 55527, 55528, 210491, 210505, B01D 3916

Patent

active

057662886

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a multilayered deep-bed filter material that provides improved service characteristics during the removal of solid particles of differing sizes from air.
A multilayered filter material is known from the German utility patent G 92 18 021.3. The first layer, which works as a coarse filter, is formed by a fleece made of synthetic and/or natural fibers, while the second layer forming the fine filter is a melt-blown microfiber fleece. Through the multilayered construction of the filter material, an optimization of the deep filtration is to be effected in such a manner that coarse particles are retained in the coarse filter layer and the finest particles passing the coarse filter layer are captured in the fine filter of the second layer.
The known filter material does not satisfy these requirements in all points, however. For the first layer which works as a coarse filter layer, there is the danger that a complete preliminary filtration of the coarse particles as well as a distinct reduction in the total quantity of particles of the medium to be filtered (e.g., air) are not possible, such that the desired even disposition of dust dispersion throughout the entire depth of the filter layer can not be achieved and thus the service life and the cost efficiency of the filter are reduced.
The filter effect of the known coarse filter layer is insufficient in many cases. The coarse particles are not filtered evenly over the thickness of the layer of the complete filter material, but rather are stored largely in the area where the second layer, the fine filter layer, attaches to the first layer. There is also the danger that the coarse particles will concentrate and cake on the filter on the surface of the first layer. This can cause the formation of a filter cake in this area, which leads to a blockage of the filter material. Because of this, the pressure differential on the filter material increases after a short time to higher values and this leads to an undesired short service life of the filter material.
The invention has the objective of creating a multilayered filter material in particular for air filtration, which excels through an improved degree or ratio of filtration and also provides economic efficiencies during operation, and which as a result exhibits lower pressure drops over a longer period of time and is marked by long service life. To this end, it should be possible to dimension the filter material in regard to the given separation ratio in a simple manner.
In the invention, the degree of separation refers to the ratio of the particles filtered by or captured in the filter material to the total particles present in the medium, whereby the separation ratio is given in percent and is normally smaller than 100%.
In contrast to this, the separation ratio is understood to mean the degree of separation relative to a concrete particle size. Furthermore, the average separation ratio is understood to mean the degree of separation which relates to a defined particle collective, that is to say to particles within a definite order of size.
A main point of the invention is the configuration of the first layer of the filter material, which forms the coarse filter layer. This first layer is assigned a significantly improved filtering effect and a higher filtering efficiency, whereby a significant aspect of the invention is to select the filtering efficiency of the first layer dependent on the desired filtering efficiency of the compete filter material. The higher the filtering efficiency or separation ratio is, the higher the filtering efficiency or separation ratio of the first layer should be.
In addition, the first layer has a high porosity of about 95%. At least a second layer, and one or more additional fine filter layers, if desired, serve to filter out the fine particles that are not captured by the first layer. The porosity of the second layer and, if desired, additional layers, amounts to more than about 85%.
In the invention, the first layer causes an optimal filtering of the coarse

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